Chapter 1 Flashcards
(38 cards)
1
Q
Which of the following describes how a disease develops and outlines the steps of development, such as cellular and molecular changes? A. Etiology B. Morphology C. Abiogenesis D. Pathogenesis
A
D. Pathogenesis
2
Q
Pathology is concerned with the morphologic changes that occur during states of disease?
T or F
A
False
3
Q
Cells that have been irreversibly injured will always die as a result of this type of injury?
T or F
A
True
4
Q
Myocardium that is subjected to persistent increased load, as with progressive hypertension, will adapt via \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_? A. Hyperplasia B. Metaplasia C. Hypertrophy D. Atrophy
A
C. Hypertrophy
5
Q
Cardiac myocytes will undergo \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to compensate for chronic hypertension? A. Hyperplasia B. Metaplasia C. Hypertrophy D. Atrophy
A
C. Hypertrophy
6
Q
What is the term indicating an increase in the number of cells? A. Hyperplasia B. Metaplasia C. Hypertrophy D. Atrophy
A
A. Hyperplasia
7
Q
A viral infection that results in wart formation is an example of pathological \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_? A. Metaplasia B. Hypertrophy C. Atrophy D. Hyperplasia
A
D. Hyperplasia
8
Q
Diminished blood supply or loss of innervation to a cell are most likely to produce \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_? A. Metaplasia B. Dysplasia C. Atrophy D. Hyperplasia
A
C. Atrophy
9
Q
Decreased cellular protein synthesis combined with increased protein degradation is the hallmark feature of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_? A. Metaplasia B. Dysplasia C. Atrophy D. Hyperplasia
A
C. Atrophy
10
Q
Which involves replacing one adult cell type with another adult cell type? A. Atrophy B. Hyperplasia C. Metaplasia D. Hypertrophy
A
C. Metaplasia
11
Q
Which of the following adaptations to stress increases the likelihood of developing cancer? A. Hypertrophy B. Hyperplasia C. Metaplasia D. Atrophy
A
C. Metaplasia
12
Q
Which of the following is a reversible change in which one adult cell type is replaced by another adult cell type? A. Hypertrophy B. Hyperplasia C. Metaplasia D. Atrophy
A
C. Metaplasia
13
Q
A cell that has been injured will always die as a result?
T or F
A
False
14
Q
If a cell is swollen, it is irreversibly injured?
T or F
A
False
15
Q
Which of the following involves a loss of membrane integrity?
A. Apoptosis
B. Necrosis
A
B. Necrosis
16
Q
If a cell has been injured, cellular __________ occurs first and cellular __________ occurs second?
A. Death, dysfunction
B. Dysfunction, death
A
Dysfunction, Death
17
Q
Inflammation is most likely to be associated with which of the following?
A. Apoptosis
B. Necrosis
A
B. Necrosis
18
Q
Which pattern of tissue necrosis that requires histologic examination? A. Coagulative necrosis B. Liquefactive necrosis C. Fat necrosis D. Fibrinoid necrosis
A
D. fibrinoid necrosis
19
Q
Decreased protein synthesis and increased protein degradation are associated with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_? A. Hypertrophy B. Hyperplasia C. Atrophy D. Metaplasia
A
C. Atrophy
20
Q
Which of the following describes destructive fragmentation of the nucleus within a dying cell? A. Karyorrhexis B. Pyknosis C. Karyolysis D. Nucleoside
A
A. Karyorrhexis
21
Q
Hypoxia to neurons within the central nervous system are likely to produce \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_? A. Coagulative necrosis B. Liquefactive necrosis C. Fat necrosis D. Fibrinoid necrosis
A
B. Liquefactive necrosis
22
Q
Which of the following has the least impact on the cellular response to an injurious stimuli? A. Duration of injury B. Type of injury C. Timing of injury D. Severity of injury
A
C. Timing of injury
23
Q
Mitochondria are resistant to the deleterious effects of hypoxia?
T or F
A
False
24
Q
An influx of intracellular calcium will stimulate \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ by activating caspases? A. Caseous necrosis B. Apoptosis C. Autophagy D. Coagulative necrosis
A
B. Apoptosis
25
Reactive oxygen species are produced in all cells during normal aerobic respiration?
T or F
True
26
```
Which of the following sites of membrane damage is the least likely to produce cellular death?
A. Mitochondrial membranes
B. Plasma Membrane
C. Mucous Membranes
D. Lysosomal Membranes
```
B and C
| Plasma membrane and Lysosomal membranes
27
Ischemia to a tissue will inhibit oxidative phosphorylation as well as glycolysis?
T or F
True
28
Prolonged ischemia that produces irreversible cellular injury will stimulate ________?
A. Necrosis
B. Apoptosis
A. Necrosis
29
```
Restoration of blood flow to ischemic tissue is most likely to cause damage to which tissue type?
A. skeletal muscle cells
B. nephrons
C. hepatocytes
D. myocardium
```
D. myocardium
30
Which apoptosis pathway involves activating caspsase-9?
A. mitochondrial pathway
B. death receptor pathway
A. mitochondrial pathway
31
```
Accumulation of triglycerides within hepatic parenchyma is termed ________?
A. sarcoidosis
B. steatosis
C. autophagic vacuole
D. dystrophic calcification
```
B. steatosis
32
```
Which of the following is considered to be the “wear-and-tear” pigment commonly found in older cells?
A. melanin
B. hemosiderin
C. lipofuscin
D. carbon
```
C. lipofuscin
33
```
Dystrophic calcification involves depositing calcium into __________ tissues?
A. normal
B. necrotic
C. hyperplastic
D. metaplastic
```
B. necrotic
34
```
Deposition of calcium into necrotic tissue is termed _________?
A. dystrophic calcification
B. propagation
C. metastatic calcification
D. pigmentation
```
A. Dystrophic calcification
35
```
Metastatic calcification occurs in the presence of __________?
A. hypercalcemia
B. hypocalcemia
C. normal calcium levels
D. free radical accumulation
```
A. hypercalcemia
36
```
Pathological hypercalcemia causing deposition of calcium into normal tissues is termed _____________?
A. metastatic calcification
B. Metastasis
C. Dystrophic calcification
D. Dysraphism
```
A. metastatic calcification
37
```
Which of the following involves telomere shortening and limitation of the capacity for a cell to replicate?
A. Replicative senescence
B. misfolding of proteins
C. defective protein homeostasis
D. free radical accumulation
```
A. Replicative senescence
38
Calorie restriction improves DNA repair and inhibits aging?
| T or F
True
