Chapter 1 Flashcards
(41 cards)
What two disciplines influenced the emergence of psychology?
Philosophy and Physiology
Who established psychology as a distinct scientific discipline?
Wilhelm Wundt
What were the first two schools of psychology and who was associated with them?
Structuralism and Functionalism
Edward Titchener and William James
What did structuralism emphasize?
Structuralism emphasized that our most complex conscious experiences could be broken down into elemental structures
What did functionalism stress the importance of?
Functionalism stressed the importance of how behavior functions to allow people and animals to adapt to their environments. Introspection
Name four students who were influenced by William James and their accomplishments
G. Stanley Hall - founded first psychology research lab
Mary Calkins - First woman president of APA
Margaret Washburn - First woman to earn PHD in psychology
Francis Sumner - First African American to earn PHD
Who founded psychoanalysis and what did the theory focus on?
Sigmund Freud - The theory focused on the role of unconscious conflicts in determining behavior and personality
What did Behaviorism focus on and what did it reject?
Behaviorism focused on overt behavior which is observable behavior that could be objectively measured and verified. Behaviorism rejected the emphasis on consciousness promoted by structuralism and functionalism.
Who were the main proponents of behaviorism?
Ivan Pavlov
John Watson
B. F. Skinner
What did humanistic psychology emphasize and who were its two major advocates?
Carl Rogers
Abraham Maslow
Humanistic Psychology emphasized the conscious experiences of people and self direction.
A psychologist who stresses the importance of how behavior enables organisms to adapt to their environment would be classified as belonging to which school of psychology?
Functionalism
Dr. Levine adheres to the theory that emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts in determining behavior and personality. Which school of psychology is this consistent with?
Psychoanalysis
Main emphasis of behaviorism?
Environmental influences and overt measurable behavior
Main emphasis of Humanistic Psychology
Conscious experience
Psychological growth
Self direction
Describe interactive dualism
Rene Descartes promoted the idea that the mind and body are separate entities that interact to produce sensations, emotions, and other conscious experiences
Describe nature-nurture issue
Focuses on the question of the degree to which heredity and environment influence the development of human abilities such as intelligence and personality characteristics
Who was G. Stanley Hall?
American psychologist who established the first psychology research laboratory in the United States and founded the American Psychological Association
What is introspection?
Introspection is looking forward in an attempt to reconstruct feelings and sensations experienced immediately after viewing a stimulus object
What is humanistic psychology?
Humanistic psychology is a school of psychology and theoretical viewpoint that emphasizes each persons unique potential for psychological growth and self-direction
Who was John b. Watson?
He was an American psychologist who founded the school of behaviorism, emphasizing the study of observable behavior and rejecting the study of mental processes
What is functionalism?
Functionalism is an early school of psychology that emphasizes studying the purpose, or function of behavior and mental experiences
What is interactive dualism?
The idea that the mind and body are separate entities that interact to produce sensations, emotions, and other conscious experiences
Who was Wilhelm Wundt?
He was a German physiologist who established psychology as a distinct scientific discipline and opened the first psychology research laboratory
Who was Edward B. Titchener?
He was a British born American psychologist who founded structuralism, the first school of psychology
