Chapter 1

Question 1

Microscopic Anatomy

Answer 1

Needs magnification

Question 2

Gross Anatomy

Answer 2

Without magnification

Question 3

Anatomy

Answer 3

The study of structure

Question 4

Physiology

Answer 4

The study of function

Question 5

Hierarchy of structural organization (9 steps)

Answer 5

1. Atoms
2. Molecules
3. Macromolecules
4. Organelles
5. Cellular level
6. Tissue level - 4 of these
7. Organ level - 2 or more basic types of tissues working together for a common function
8. Organ system (11 of these)
9. Organism

Question 6

What are the 2 main anatomical regions, and what does each region contain?

Answer 6

1. Axial region - head, neck, and trunk

2. Appendicular region - Appendages (arms, legs, fingers, shoulders, coxal bone)

Question 7

Anterior and its opposite

Answer 7

Front; Posterior

Question 8

Posterior and its opposite

Answer 8

Back; Anterior

Question 9

Ventral and its opposite

Answer 9

Stomach side of the body; Dorsal

Question 10

Dorsal and its opposite

Answer 10

Back of the body; Ventral

Question 11

Superior and its opposite

Answer 11

Above or closer to the head; Inferior

Question 12

Inferior and its opposite

Answer 12

Below or closer to the feet; Superior

Question 13

Cranial and its opposite

Answer 13

Head end; Caudal

Question 14

Caudal and its opposite

Answer 14

Rear or tail end; Cranial

Question 15

Medial and its opposite

Answer 15

Toward midline; Lateral

Question 16

Lateral and its opposite

Answer 16

Away from midline; Medial

Question 17

Superficial and its opposite

Answer 17

Surface; Deep

Question 18

Deep and its opposite

Answer 18

Appears inward or underneath another structure; Superficial

Question 19

Proximal and its opposite

Answer 19

Closest to the trunk; Distal

Question 20

Distal and its opposite

Answer 20

Farthest from the trunk; Proximal

Question 21

Palmar and its opposite

Answer 21

Palm; Plantar

Question 22

Plantar and its opposite

Answer 22

Bottom of the foot; Palmar

Question 23

Ipsilateral and its opposite

Answer 23

Same side; Contralateral

Question 24

Contralateral and its opposite

Answer 24

Opposite side; Ipsilateral

Question 25

Coronal Plane

Answer 25

Parallel to the long axis of the body | AKA: Frontal Plane

Question 26

Transverse Plane

Answer 26

Perpendicular to the long axis of the body | AKA: Horizontal Plane

Question 27

Sagittal Plane

Answer 27

Parallel to the long axis of the body and perpendicular to the frontal aspect of the body

Question 28

Midsagittal vs. Parasagittal

Answer 28

``` Midsagittal = equal L and R sides Parasagittal = unequal L and R sided ```

Question 29

Posterior Aspect Cavity contents

Answer 29

1. Cranial Cavity | 2. Vertebral Canal

Question 30

Ventral Cavity contents

Answer 30

1. Thoracic Cavity 2. Diaphragam 3. Abdominopelvic Cavity

Question 31

Thoracic Cavity contents

Answer 31

1. Mediastinum (contains pericardial cavity) 2. Pericardial cavity 3. Pleural cavity

Question 32

Abdominopelvic Cavity contents

Answer 32

1. Abdominal cavity | 2. Pelvic cavity

Question 33

Which two cavities does the diaphragm separate?

Answer 33

Thoracic cavity and the Abdominopelvic cavity

Question 34

Parietal layer

Answer 34

Outer part of the membrane that lines the internal surface of the body wall

Question 35

Visceral membrane

Answer 35

Inner part of the membrane that covers the external surface of the organs (viscera) within the cavity

Question 36

Pleura

Answer 36

2 layered serous membrane within the thoracic cavity enclosing the lungs

Question 37

Pericardium

Answer 37

2 layered serous membrane within the mediastinum enclosing the heart

Question 38

Peritoneum

Answer 38

2 layered serous membrane within the abdominopelvic cavity that lines the entire region

Question 39

When discussing serous membranes what 2 things are needed?

Answer 39

1. Part of the membrane (parietal vs. visceral) | 2. Location (pericardium, pleura, peritoneum, etc.)

Question 40

What is the difference between serous membranes and mucous membranes?

Answer 40

Serous membranes are NOT connected to the outside of the body, whereas mucous membranes line body passages and compartments that eventually open to the external environment

Question 41

Abdominopelvic Regions

Answer 41

1. R hypochondriac region 2. Epigastric region 3. L hypochondriac region 4. R lumbar region 5. Umbilical region 6. L lumbar region 7. R iliac (inguinal) region 8. Hypogastric region 9. L iliac (inguinal) region

Question 42

Mediastinum

Answer 42

Median space in the thoracic cavity that contains the heart and some other things