Chapter 1

Question 1

Tribal Societies

Answer 1

Lacked large empires or political systems, but were still complex civilizations.

Question 1

Aztecs

Answer 1

Succeeded the Mayans. Elaborate administrative, educational and medical systems. Human sacrifice. Tenochtitlan was the capital.

Question 1

Cahokia

Answer 1

City in Mississippi River Valley, St. Louis. Earthen mounds.

Question 1

Subsistence agriculture

Answer 1

Grew enough food to survive, but not to trade. Predominant in medieval Europe.

Question 1

Nationalism

Answer 1

Incentive for Europeans to look for new land.

Question 1

Christopher Columbus

Answer 1

Genoan explorer who trained with the Portuguese, but was sponsored by Spain.

Question 1

Conquistadors

Answer 1

Spanish explorers who conquered Indian civilizations.

Question 1

Pueblo

Answer 1

Indian group in Mexico that led the Pueblo Revolt.

Question 2

Smallpox

Answer 2

Deadly old world disease. Wiped out millions of Indians.

Question 3

African Slave trade

Answer 3

Started before European migration to New World. Portuguese were the first to bring slaves to the New World.

Question 4

Missions

Answer 4

The most common settlement in Spanish America. Very religious character. Tried to convert Indians.

Question 6

Spanish Empire

Answer 6

Mexico, Central America, New Mexico, California, Arizona Florida, South America, except for Brasil.

Question 6

Merchant Capitalism

Answer 6

Overseas traders that promoted mercantilism.

Question 8

Dutch West India Company

Answer 8

Ran the slave trade.

Question 8

Martin Luther

Answer 8

Augustinian Monk. Started the protestant reformation. Wrote 95 theses in 1517.

Question 9

Enclosure Movement

Answer 9

Farmers converted land from fields to pastures and closed it off. High demand for wool.

Question 11

Mercantilism

Answer 11

The theory that wealth is limited and that countries should import a lot and export a little.

Question 11

English Reformation

Answer 11

Started in 1529 after Pope refuses Henry VIII’s request for a divorce. Church of England founded. England divided between Anglican, Calvinist Puritans and Catholic loyalists

Question 13

John Calvin

Answer 13

Swiss theologian who introduced the doctrine of predestination. Produced the Huguenots in France and the Puritans in England.

Question 13

Separatists

Answer 13

Radical Puritans who left England to practice religion without persecution.

Question 14

Henry VIII

Answer 14

Created the Church of England so that he could get divorced and have a son.

Question 16

Calvinist Puritans

Answer 16

Wanted to further purify the Church of England. Some became separatists.

Question 16

Plantation model of colonization

Answer 16

Transplantations of English society in the New World and Ireland. English kept themselves separate from natives.

Question 18

Elizabeth I

Answer 18

A Protestant daughter of Henry VIII who took the throne after Mary I (Catholic). Restored the Church of England.

Question 19

James I

Answer 19

First of the Stuarts. Believed kings ruled by divine right. Catholic and persecuted the Puritans.

Question 21

Fur Trade

Answer 21

Key traders: French in Quebec and Dutch in New York. Coureurs de Bois

Question 22

Spanish Armada

Answer 22

Spanish Navy. Attempted to invade England, but was defeated. Ended Spain's dominion of the Atlantic. 1588.

Question 23

Roanoke

Answer 23

The first English colony, but it didn't survive. Gilbert led the first attempt in Newfoundland. Raleigh founded Virginia and Roanoke. Brought women and children for the first time. Colonists disappeared.

Question 25

Mayans

Answer 25

Central America, Northern Yucatan. Sophisticated culture, written language, number system.