chapter 1

Question 1

Define Drug

Answer 1

any chemical that alters an organisms functions or processes

Question 2

Define pharmacoology

Answer 2

the study of drugs (origin, properties, and interacting)

Question 3

Define Pharmacy

Answer 3

preparation and dispensing of drugs

Question 4

Define therapeutics

Answer 4

art of treating disease with drugs

Question 5

Define toxicology

Answer 5

study of toxic substances an their pharmacological actions, including antidotes and poison control

Question 6

Define pharmacognosy

Answer 6

identification of sources of drugs

Question 7

Today the most common source of drugs is?

Answer 7

chemical synthesis but plant, animals, and minerals have often contributed the prototype of the active ingredient

Question 8

Naturally occurring drugs date back to when?

Answer 8

Egyptian papyrus records, to the ancient Chinese and Central American civilizations and is still seen in remote regions of modern America, such as Appalachia.

Question 9

Animal is a source of drug, name what is under its classification.

Answer 9

• thyroid hormone
• insulin
• pancreatic domase

Question 10

plant is a source of drugs, name what is under its classification.

Answer 10

• khellin (ammi visnaga)
• Atropine (belladonna alkaloid)
• Digitalis (fox glove)

Question 11

Mineral is a source of drugs, name what is in its classification.

Answer 11

• Copper sulfate
• magnesium sulfate
• mineral oil

Question 12

Drug approval in the US is long, costly, and complex. In thee 1980’s it took 13-15 years and 350 million dollars (chemical trials to FDA approval. A more recent study showed?

Answer 12

900 million dollar in today’s market (research, development, pre and post clinical trials)

Question 13

There is how many phases in drug approval?

Answer 13

3 phases

Question 14

Define Mutagenicity

Answer 14

mutation in the gene

Question 15

Define Teratogenicity.

Answer 15

Changes in the developing embryo

Question 16

Define Carcinogenicity

Answer 16

increase risk of cancer

Question 17

What is phase 1?

Answer 17

Investigated in small groups of individuals with the disease the drug is intended to treat

Question 18

What is phase 2?

Answer 18

Investigated as a treatment for a small number of individuals with the disease the drug is intended to treat

Question 19

What is phase 3?

Answer 19

investigated in large, multi center studies to establish safety and efficacy

Question 20

Naming drugs: What is the Chemical name?

Answer 20

The name indicating the drug’s chemical structure

Question 21

Naming drugs: What is the code name?

Answer 21

A name assigned by a manufacturer to an experimental chemical that shows potential as a drug
-numerical or alphanumerical

Question 22

Naming Drugs: what is the generic name (aka nonproprietary)?

Answer 22

name assigned by the United States adopted name (USAN) Council when a chemical appears to have therapeutic uses and the manufacturer wishes to market the drug
-name i base loosely on the chemical structure of the drug

Question 23

Naming drugs: What is the official name?

Answer 23

in the event an experimental drug becomes fully approved for general use, the generic name becomes its official name.

Question 24

Naming drugs: What does the Trade Name (aka proprietary nme) mean?

Answer 24

brand name given by a particular manufacturer

Question 25

aa

Answer 25

of each

Question 26

bid

Answer 26

twice a day

Question 27

c

Answer 27

with

Question 28

cc

Answer 28

cubic centimeters

Question 29

Elix

Answer 29

elixir

Question 30

mL

Answer 30

milliliter

Question 31

npo

Answer 31

nothing by mouth

Question 32

p

Answer 32

after

Question 33

po

Answer 33

by mouth

Question 34

prn

Answer 34

as needed

Question 35

q

Answer 35

every

Question 36

qh

Answer 36

every hour

Question 37

qid

Answer 37

four times a day

Question 38

qd

Answer 38

every day

Question 39

qs

Answer 39

much as needed

Question 40

qs

Answer 40

much as needed

Question 41

s

Answer 41

without

Question 42

stat

Answer 42

immediately

Question 43

tid

Answer 43

three times a day

Question 44

L

Answer 44

liter

Question 45

IV

Answer 45

intavenous

Question 46

IM

Answer 46

intramuscular

Question 47

Rx

Answer 47

take

Question 48

What is a prescription?

Answer 48

a written order for a drug, with specific instruction

Question 49

List the part of a prescription

Answer 49

- patients name, address, and written date - Rx means "recipe" or "take thou". Directs the pharmacist to take the drug listed and prepare the medication (superscription) - Inscription lists the name and quantity of the drug - Directions flor preparation when applicable - Sig (signa) "write" directions to the patient - Name of prescriber

Question 50

A physician can indicate to the pharmacist that generic substitution is permitted. In this case the pharmacist may provide any manufacturers version of the drug.

Answer 50

Generic is lower in cost because the generic manufacturer has not invested the time and money in developing the original drug.

Question 51

Drugs that are available to the general population without a prescription. The strength and amount maybe less than with a prescription. What are the increased risks?

Answer 51

- the effects are not understood | - large quantities

Question 52

A central group of respiratory drugs are given by inhaled aerosol for the direct treatment of the upper and lower airway in pulmonary disease. what are they?

Answer 52

- Adrenergic agents - Anticholinergic agents - mucoactive agents - corticosteroids - anti-asthmatic agents - antiinfective agents - exogenous sufactants -

Question 53

Aerosolized agents given by inhalation provide local topical treatment of the respiratory tract. What are the following advantages?

Answer 53

- smaller doses - fewer side effects - rapid onset - targeted delivery - painless, relatively safe and convenient

Question 54

What are the related drug groups in respiratory care?

Answer 54

- antiinfective agents - neuromuscular blocking agents - central nervous system agents - anti-arrhythmic agents - antihypertensive and antianginal agents - anticoagulant and thrombolytic agents - diuretics agents