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Forensic Science > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

The scientific examination of physical evidence for legal purposes.

A

Criminalistics

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2
Q

Includes a psychological angle: studying the crime scene from motive, traits, and behavior that will help to interpret evidence.

A

Criminology

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3
Q

List the steps of the scientific method.

A
  1. ) observe a problem or question evidence and collect objective data
  2. ) consider a hypothesis or possible solution
  3. ) examined, test, and then analyze the evidence
  4. ) determine the significance of the evidence
  5. ) formulate a theory based on evaluation of significance of the evidence
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4
Q

List five departments commonly found in a crime lab.

A

Physical science unit, biology unit, firearms unit, document examination unit, photography unit

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5
Q

Where are the two basic crime lab areas from Marshall?

A

Effingham and Springfield

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6
Q

Crime labs can be government run at the federal state or local level , or they can be?

A

Private consulting business

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7
Q

List five of the specialty areas in forensics.

A
  1. ) forensic pathology
  2. ) forensic psychiatry
  3. ) geology
  4. ) polygraphy
  5. ) Cybertechnology
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8
Q

The FBI was established in?

A

1905

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9
Q

The federal rules of evidence that determine what evidence is excepted in court were enacted in what?

A

1975

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10
Q

The computerized A F I S was established by the FBI in what?

A

1996

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11
Q

The first FBI crime lab was created in?

A

1932

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12
Q

In 1900, human blood groups are identified by?

A

Karl Landsteiner

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13
Q

Locard formulate his principal in?

A

1904

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14
Q

What are some federal crime labs?

A

FBI, DEA, ATF, USPS

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15
Q

A group of professional investigators, each trained in a variety of special disciplines.

A

Crime scene team

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16
Q

What are some of the team members on the crime scene team?

A

The first police officer on the scene, medics, investigators, medical examiners, photographer , evidence technician

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17
Q

Written by the federal or state legislature?

Ex.??

A

Constitutional law- freedom of speech, freedom of religion

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18
Q

Written law based on the constitution, recognizes previous decisions as precedence, changes due to new decisions.
Ex.)??

A

Statutory law -constitution amendments

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19
Q

Developed by judges based on decisions from other cases; set by the Supreme Court.ex.)???

A

Common law – row versus Wade, Regas verse Palmer

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20
Q

Involves nonviolent conflicts related to property between individuals. Ex.)??

A

Civil law –malpractice suits, trespassing,divorces, annulments, wills, title transfers

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21
Q

Public law: regulation and enforcement of rights and offenses to society?

A

Criminal law

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22
Q

A petty offense? Ex.)??

A

Infraction. Littering jaywalking traffic tickets

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23
Q

Minor offense? Ex.)??

A

Misdemeanor. Theft, minor assault, drug possession, vandalism

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24
Q

Major offense? Ex.)??

A

Felony . —Murder, rape, I’m robbery, assault and battery, forgery, dealing in manufacturing drugs

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25
Remedial or preventative methods not covered by common laws? What is in example?
Equity law. And example would be injunctions and restraining orders
26
Rules or laws established by governmental agencies? What is an example of that?
Administrative law. And example would be IRS and Social Security Aid
27
Related to crimes committed while enlisted in military branches? What is an example of that?
Military law. An example of that would be court-martials, crimes committed on foreign soil's, murder on military bases.
28
What are the two court systems?
Federal court and state court
29
What courts are under the federal court?
1. ) district court 2. ) court of appeals 3. ) district court
30
Courts are under the state court?
Trial court, Juvenile Court, Family Court, city courts, state Supreme Court
31
What is the power of court to hear a case?
Jurisdiction
32
The right of a court to try case for the first time?
Original jurisdiction
33
Right of a court to hear an appeal?
Appellate jurisdiction
34
Restricted to hearing only certain types of cases in the court?
Subject matter
35
Court hears cases only of crimes took place in a given area?
Geographical jurisdiction
36
The surrendering of a suspected criminal to a different jurisdiction? it varies between the states and countries.
Extradition
37
What are the seven steps in the justice system?
1. ) preliminary hearing 2. ) indictment 3. ) arrest 4. ) arraignment 5. ) evidentiary hearing 6. ) trial 7. ) sentencing hearing
38
In this prosecution presents the cases to determine if there is enough evidence for an arrest, discovery of evidence is provided. This must occur 48 hours after detainment.
Preliminary hearing
39
Also called a grand jury – uses a panel of people determine for felonies, not required for state courts.
Indictment
40
Read Miranda rights, booked , fingerprinted, photographed, and jailed; can involve a warrant.
Arrest
41
Brought before the court to hear charges, enter a plea, check on a counsel, and have bond set.
Arraignment
42
Introduces new evidence, determines jury, hears appeals.
Evidentiary hearing
43
Evidence is presented by both the prosecution and defense, can be decided by the judge or jury?
Trial
44
If found guilty during the trial, sets fines and jail terms, family members have a chance to speak.
Sentencing hearing
45
Frye Standard vs United States was in?
1923
46
In this the jury can decide whether the evidence has any significance to the case.
General Acceptance
47
Daubert Ruling vs Merrel Dow pharmaceuticals was in?
1993--- in this trial judge assumes the responsibility for admission in the evidence and validity. Must be testable inflow the substandards evidence endorses a classical definition of the scientific method that includes testing hypothesis estimate Siri and public a steering reviews
48
What are the Miranda rights used for?
The Miranda rights are said to a criminal when they are arrested.
49
In order for scientific evidence to be admitted in a court of law, it must be probative and materials
True
50
This actually prove something?
Probabitive
51
This address is an issue that is relevant to the particular crime
Material
52
To prove a case of the what must be established?
"MMO"
53
Person had a reason to do the crime ( not necessary to prove in a court of law)
Motive
54
Person Had. the ability to do the crime
Means
55
Person can be placed at the crime scene
Opportunity
56
Who invented the Locard principal?
Edmond Locard
57
Edmond Locard was what?
A French professor, he was considered the father of criminalistics, he built the world's first forensic laboratory in France in 1910.
58
What is the Locard exchange principal?
Whenever 2 objects come into contact with each other, there is always a transfer of material .
59
The study and application of science to matters of law
Forensic science
60
The study of matter and the changes it undergoes?
Chemistry
61
The study of living organisms
Biology
62
Study you have guns and explosives
Fire arms
63
The age type of ink paper and all the other details of document
Document examination
64
The study of the adverse effects of chemicals or physical agents on living organisms
Toxicology
65
Examination of physical evidence
Criminalistics
66
And imprint made by ridge patterns on the tip of my finger
Fingerprints
67
Do use of a lie detector
Polygraphy
68
Desiccation a sudden unexplained ultraviolet death
Pathobiology
69
Rights by the Constitution that police must tell arrestees about, especially the right to remain silent and the right to an attorney.
Maranda rights
70
Money to guarantee appearance
Bail
71
Type of jury with more than 12 jurors
Grand jury
72
Secondhand testimony not admissible in criminal court
Hearsay
73
Federal agency dealing with drugs?
DEA
74
Originator of the rule that evidence is always exchange it on the counter
Locard
75
The generally acceptance standards
Frye
76
The revision of the FRYE standard
Dauberi

Forensic Science (2 decks)

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