Chapter 1 Flashcards
Donders (1868)
Simple and choice reaction time experiments.
Ebbinghaus (1885)
“Savings time” memorizing nonsense words
Same size circle illusion
Tolman (1938)
Cognitive maps
Neisser (1967)
Wrote the first cognitive psychology textbook, developed the idea of information processing
Hermann von Helmholtz (1867)
Likelihood principle: when the visual point of view is ambiguous, we see what is most likely to be the true state. We see not with our eye but with our brain.
Max Wertheimer (1912)
Gestalt psychology; apparent motion
Instead of seeing 2 dots, you see one dot moving to another location (phi phenomenon)
Yarbus (1967)
- Did experiments showing how people moved their eyes while looking at something.
- Depicted scan paths
- Found that they depend on task
Datta & DeYoe (2009)
– fMRI during top-down attention
•Asked to look at a striped circle, showed overt and covert attention in scans
•Asked to look at a secret spot on the circle, could tell from scans where that spot was
Egly and colleages (1994)
o Cue an area of a rectangle, then a target appears there
o People respond better when the target appears in the same place as the cue rather than an uncued location on the same object or an uncued location on a different object
o Effect is weak
Robertson & Treisman (1997)
Patient with simultanagnosia could see better looking through a tube.
Schneider & Shiffrin (1977)
o Task 1: remember a digit for the next few trials
o Task 2: detect that digit amongst letters
o Result: performance improved over number of trials (up to 1200 trials)
o At ~600 trials, the task was automatic (no longer had to attend to the task)
Yantis (1992)
- People group targets together to a single representation of a moving polygon
- Tracking a triangle instead of 3 dots out of many dots
- Grouping objects into a single representation, do better at a task
Wundt
Structuralist, wrote the first psychology textbook, analytic introspection
