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GEOL > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four subjects of Oceanography?

A

Geological, Chemical, Physical, Biological

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2
Q

The four oceans + 1

A

Pacific, Atlatic, Indian, Artic, and Antarctic

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3
Q

What is the deepest/largest Ocean?

A

Pacific

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4
Q

Earth’s Surface consists of

A

29.2% Land and 70.8% Ocean

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5
Q

What is the deepest area of the ocean?

A

Mariana Trench 36,161 feet

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6
Q

What is the name of the famous Bathysphere?

A

Alvin

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7
Q

Who was the first man to circumnavigate the globe?

A

Ferdinand Magellan

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8
Q

What was James Cook known for?

A

scientific discovery with the ships Endeavour, Resolution, and Adventure

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9
Q

What is the Scientific method?

A

Observation, Hypothesis, Testing, Theory

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10
Q

What is the Nebular Hypothesis?

A

all bodies of the solar system formed an enormous cloud composed mostly of hydrogen and helium, and small % heavy elements. then started to revovle around the sun. creating the solar system happened about 4.5 GA yrs

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11
Q

What is the order of the planets, starting from the sun?

A

Mercury

Venus

Earth

Mars

Jupiter

Saturn

Uranus

Neptune

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12
Q

Density Stratification

A

it occurs during gravitational sepration, in which the highest-desity materials (iron/nickel) concentrated in the core. whereas lower-density components (rock) formed spheres around the core.

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13
Q

What are the three Chemical Compostions of the Earth?

A

Crust, Mantle and Core

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14
Q

What are the Physical properties of the Earth (5)?

A

inner core, outer core, mesopshere, asthenospher, and lithosphere

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15
Q

Oceanic vs. Continental Crust

A

oceanic crust is made up of basalt rock, continental is low-density granite.

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16
Q

Orgin of Earth’s atmospher?

A

it is from outgassing of valcanos and was captured by the magnetic atsmospher

17
Q

Orgin of Earth’s Oceans?

A

the ocean’s orgin comes from outgassing because it released H2O vapors and other gases. Exsisted around 4 GA

18
Q

Outgassing occured how long ago?

A

4 billion years

19
Q

What is the name for the Rocky planets and name them?

A

Terrestrial

Mercury

Venus

Earth

Mars

20
Q

The name for the Gasy planets and which ones are they?

A

Gaint Gaseous Planets: Jupiter and Saturn

21
Q

Name that Ice planets/ which ones are they?

A

Uranus and Neptune

22
Q

Oldest Rock on Earth?

A

4.0 GA

23
Q

Age of the Earth/ how do we know the age of the Earth?

A

We know from looking at the oldest meterorites found on Earth. Which are about 4.5-4.6 GA old

24
Q

What is the Gaint Impact Theory?

A

Mars size object hit Earth and some bounced back out. Creating the Moon.

25
Q

Why does Earth have water?

A
  1. Distance from the sun
  2. Roational Period
  3. Presence of an atsmosphere
26
Q

Other Solar systems that might have had water?

A

Europa and Mars

27
Q

What is Chemosynthetic Microbes?

A

These exist at hydrothermal vents today

28
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

its utilizes the sun’s energy (light) and produces sugars, complex molicules, oxygen from water

29
Q

When did life first form?

A

1st unequivocal evidence was 3.45 GA and it was a Cyanobacteria

30
Q

What was Earth’s Atmosphere like Early and today?

A

Early Earth

high CO2

no free O2

Today

0.037% CO2

21% O2

31
Q

What is important about Alfred Wegener?

A

Puzzle Fit continents

32
Q

What was the first program of oceanography?

A

HMS Challenger expedition (1872-1876)

33
Q

Which explorer was the first to discover Antartica?

A

Fabian Gottleib von Bellingshausen

34
Q

What is the Planetismals Collide

A

it was the collision of particals to form the planets

35
Q

Isostasy

A

refers to the concept that the continents float on a more dense mantle. bc they are less dense and stick up

GEOL (1 decks)

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