Chapter 1

Question 1

What is the metric system and what are the basic units?

Answer 1

is is an english system of measurement

meter, liter, kilogram, joule, watt, newton

Question 2

What is the science used to measure work?

Answer 2

Ergometry

Question 3

What is the equation for work?

Answer 3

Work=Force x Distance

Question 4

What is the tool used in measuring ergometry?

Answer 4

ergometer

Question 5

What was ergometry originally applied to?

Answer 5

mechanical systems

Question 6

As the body is not 100% efficient in converting chemical energy to mechanical what happens?

Answer 6

biological expenditure is always greater than mechanical energy cost

Question 7

What is the equation for power?

Answer 7

Power= F x D(work)/Time

Question 8

Describe the Power equation in a sentence

Answer 8

power is how much work is accomplished over a relative amount of time

Question 9

What are some types of ergometry?

Answer 9

Cycle (upper and lower body)
Treadmill
Swimming
Rowing
Stepping

Question 10

How is the slope fixed for quantifiable data on a treadmill?

Answer 10

the treadmill is angled because it is complicated to get quantifiable data at a flat/horizontal surface

Question 11

Percent Grade for a treadmill

Answer 11

Sine(ø)=Rise(opposite)/Hypotenuse

Question 12

Name the variables for Work

Answer 12

kJ
kcal
ft./lb
kgm

Question 13

Name the variables for Power

Answer 13

kgm/min
Watts
kcal/min
kJ/min

Question 14

What does efficiency refer to when exercising?

Answer 14

ratio between the mechanical energy produced to the energy used to cause the exercise

Question 15

What is the definition for calorimetry?

Answer 15

science that quantifies the HEAT release from metabolism

Question 16

what is the definition of a calorie?

Answer 16

the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a kilogram of water

Question 17

How do you measure Energy Expenditure?

Answer 17

Direct Calorimetry

Indirect Calorimetry

Question 18

What is Direct Calorimetry?

Answer 18

measurement of heat production to indicate a person’s metabolic rate

Question 19

What is Indirect Calorimetry?

Answer 19

measurement of oxygen consumption as an estimate of one’s resting metabolic rate

Question 20

What are the different types of Indirect Calorimetry and explain them?

Answer 20

Closed Circuit: recirculation of inhaled and exhaled air

Open Circuit: inhalation of atmospheric air, then put in a douglas bag

Question 21

What are definitions and abbreviations used in Calorimetry?

Answer 21

VO2-oxygen consumption
VCO2-carbon dioxide production
RQ-Resting quotient=VCO2/VO2 at the cell
RER-Respiratory exchange ratio=VCO2/VO2 at the mouth
Kcal/L-energy released from metabolism for 1 L of VO2
Bomb Calorimeter-instrument to combust food
Respirometer-instrument that quantifies the body’s VO2

Question 22

The values for CHO, Fat, and proteins

Answer 22

CHO-4.0
Fat-8.9
Protein-4.3

Question 23

A RQ of 1.00 burns more of what?

Answer 23

Burns more CHO because it is a higher intensity workout

Question 24

A RQ of .7 burns more of what?

Answer 24

Burns more fats because it is a lower intensity workout

Question 25

What is the 50% value for the RQ chart/

Answer 25

.83

Question 26

What are the Indirect Gas Analysis Calorimetry Fundamental Principles?

Answer 26

The volume of oxygen consumed is the difference between inspired and expired oxygen. The volume of carbon dioxide produced is the difference between expired and inspired carbon dioxide.

Question 27

Formula for calculating VO2

Answer 27

VO2=V(I)O2 - V(E)O2 | same thing as the fundamental principle said

Question 28

What is the Haldane Transformation?

Answer 28

that the volume of inspired nitrogen must equal the volume of exhaled nitrogen

Question 29

What are the Gas Fraction in Atmospheric Air?

Answer 29

``` Oxygen .2093 Nitrogen .7903 Carbon D. .0003 Argon/Helium .0001 Totals to 1.000 ```

Question 30

Calculating VCO2

Answer 30

same as the fundamental says | VCO2= V(E)CO2-V(I)CO2

Question 31

What is the value that determines VO2 max for RER?

Answer 31

1.15

Question 32

When can RQ and RER not be equal?

Answer 32

``` Metabolic acidosis non-steady state exercise Hyperventilation excess port-exercise Prolonged exercise ```

Question 33

What inflates VCO2 causing RER greater than 1.0?

Answer 33

metabolic acidosis

Question 34

What is lower than expected VO2 and likelihood for an inflated VCO2 and RER?

Answer 34

Non-steady state exercise

Question 35

What causes a higher VCO2 and inflates the RER?

Answer 35

hyperventilation

Question 36

What is sustained elevated VO2 can cause RER to be lower than expected?

Answer 36

Excess port-exercise

Question 37

If CHO nutrition was poor and muscles and liver glycogen are low; the longer the exercise session the greater the amino acid oxidation is what?

Answer 37

prolonged exercise

Question 38

What is the formula to determine energy expenditure?

Answer 38

kcal=VO2 x RER caloric equivalent x time

Question 39

What is the absolute value of the kcal formula?

Answer 39

VO2(L/min)

Question 40

What are metabolic conditions that would increase protein catabolism?

Answer 40

starvation diabetes mellitus (type 2) prolonged exercise while restricting CHO excess protein ingestion

Question 41

What is the definition of economy?

Answer 41

refers to the energy cost of an exercise condition

Question 42

What is the definition of efficiency?

Answer 42

mechanical energy produced during the movement relative to the metabolic energy expenditure to cause the movement.

Question 43

explain economy vs efficiency

Answer 43

more efficient they are, the more economical they'll be, the less efficient the more/higher VO2 will be so the more efficient the lower VO2 will be

Question 44

What kind of muscle fibers are the most efficient?

Answer 44

slow fibers bc the require less ATP