Chapter 1

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 2

diatomics

Answer 2

molecule made up of 2 atoms of the same element

Question 3

Atoms

Answer 3

smallest identifiable part of an element

Question 4

element

Answer 4

made up of unique kind of atoms

Question 5

compound

Answer 5

2 or more different types of elements

Question 6

solid matter characteristics

Answer 6

molecules and atoms very ordered, crystalline, close together

Question 7

liquid matter characteristics

Answer 7

molecules can move around (still close together though)

Question 8

variable composition

Answer 8

can put more or less of a component in the mixture

Question 9

classifying a heterogeneous mixture

Answer 9

not uniform throughout

Question 10

classifying a homogeneous mixture

Answer 10

uniform throughout and has variable composition

Question 11

classifying an element

Answer 11

uniform throughout, pure substance, and one kind of atom

Question 12

classifying a compound

Answer 12

uniform throughout, not variable throughout, and contains more than one type of atom

Question 13

type of substances

Answer 13

elements and compounds

Question 14

substance

Answer 14

any material with a definite chemical composition

Question 15

difference between compound and element

Answer 15

compound can be decomposed to simpler substances

Question 16

law of constant composition

Answer 16

the relative number of atoms of each element that makes up the compound is the same in any sample

Question 17

other name for law of constant composition

Answer 17

law of definite proportions

Question 18

Mixture

Answer 18

when two or more substances are combined such that each substance retains its own chemical identity

Question 19

a mixture that can vary in composition throughout a sample

Answer 19

heterogeneous

Question 20

physical properties

Answer 20

can be observed without changing the substance

Question 21

chemical properties

Answer 21

can only be observed when the substance is changed into another substance

Question 22

intensive properties

Answer 22

same regardless of the amount of substance present

Question 23

extensive properties

Answer 23

depend on how much of the substance is present

Question 24

examples of physical properties

Answer 24

boiling point, density, mass, volume

Question 25

examples of chemical properties

Answer 25

flammability, corrosiveness, reactivity with acid

Question 26

examples of intensive properties

Answer 26

density, boiling point, color

Question 27

examples of extensive properties

Answer 27

mass, volume, energy

Question 28

physical changes

Answer 28

do not change composition of substance

Question 29

chemical changes

Answer 29

result in a new substance

Question 30

examples of physical changes

Answer 30

change in state, temperature, volume

Question 31

examples of chemical changes

Answer 31

combustion, oxidation, decomposition

Question 32

how are mixtures separated

Answer 32

based on the physical properties of the components of the mixture

Question 33

filtration

Answer 33

solid substances are separated from liquid solutions

Question 34

solution

Answer 34

homogeneous mixture

Question 35

chromatography

Answer 35

the separation, especially of closely related compounds, by allowing a solution or mixture to seep through an adsorbent (such as clay, gel, or paper) so each compound becomes adsorbed into a separate, often colored, layer

Question 36

Distillation

Answer 36

uses differences in boiling points to separate a homogenous mixture into its components (separates two liquids)

Question 37

SI unit for mass

Answer 37

kilogram

Question 38

SI unit for length

Answer 38

meter

Question 39

SI unit for time

Answer 39

seconds

Question 40

SI unit for temperature

Answer 40

Kelvin

Question 41

SI unit for amount of substance

Answer 41

mole

Question 42

SI unit for electric current

Answer 42

Ampere

Question 43

SI unit for luminous intensity

Answer 43

candela

Question 44

what about units for things like volume

Answer 44

those are derived units and come about from the standards

Question 45

where do metric system units differ from SI

Answer 45

mass is in grams; temp is in K or Celsius; volume is in cubic centimeters or liters

Question 46

centi

Answer 46

10^-2

Question 47

deci

Answer 47

10^-1

Question 48

Kilo

Answer 48

10^3

Question 49

Micro

Answer 49

10^-6

Question 50

Tera

Answer 50

10^12

Question 51

Mega

Answer 51

10^6

Question 52

Pico

Answer 52

10^-12

Question 53

Femto

Answer 53

10^-15

Question 54

Giga

Answer 54

10^9

Question 55

Milli

Answer 55

10^-3

Question 56

nano

Answer 56

10^-9

Question 57

mass

Answer 57

amount of material in an object

Question 58

what is a liter made up of

Answer 58

a cube 1 decimeter long on each side

Question 59

what is a mL made up of

Answer 59

a cube 1 centimeter long on each side (hence cubic centimeter)

Question 60

conversion of K to Celsius

Answer 60

K=C+273

Question 61

conversion of F to C

Answer 61

F = 9/5 (C) + 32

Question 62

Kelvin and Celsius intervals

Answer 62

same; have 100 degree intervals

Question 63

Density units and equation

Answer 63

D=m/v | g/mL or g/cm3

Question 64

exact numbers

Answer 64

counted or given by definition

Question 65

inexact numbers

Answer 65

measure numbers; | depend on how they were determined

Question 66

accuracy

Answer 66

proximity of a measurement to the true value of a quantity

Question 67

precision

Answer 67

proximity of several measurements to each other