chapter 1 Flashcards
(103 cards)
1
Q
the study of the structure of the body parts and their relationships to one another.
A
Anatomy
2
Q
what are the types of anatomy?
A
- gross or microscopic
- microscopic
- Developmental
3
Q
Anatomy= the study of the ____ of the body parts and their____ to one another.
A
Structure, relationship
4
Q
the study of the function of the body’s structural machinery.
A
Physiology
5
Q
the branch of anatomy that deals with the structure of organs and tissues that are visible to the naked eye.
A
Gross anatomy
6
Q
name the types of gross anatomy
A
- regional
- Systemic
- surface
7
Q
all the structures in one part of the body (such as the abdomen)
A
regional
8
Q
gross anatomy of the body studied by system?
A
systemic
9
Q
study of the internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin.
A
Surface
10
Q
muscle that is deep compare with skin that is covering it, is?
A
surface
11
Q
physiology= the study of the ____ of the body’s structural _____
A
function, machinery
12
Q
upper limb and lower limb is what type of anatomy?
A
Gross anatomy, regional
13
Q
between shoulder and elbow
A
arm
14
Q
between elbow and rist
A
forearm
15
Q
between hips and foot
A
lower limb
16
Q
between hips and knee
A
thigh
17
Q
between knee and ankle
A
leg
18
Q
The study of the structure of cells, tissues, and organs of the body that cant be seen with the naked eye.
A
microscopic anatomy
19
Q
types of microscopic anatomy
A
- cytology
* Histology
20
Q
the study of cells
A
cytology
21
Q
the study of tissues
A
Histology
22
Q
cytology
A
the study of cells
23
Q
Histology
A
the study of tissues
24
Q
The study of the structural changes of an individual from fertilization to adulthood.
A
Developmental anatomy
25
types of developmental anatomy
* traces
| * embryology
26
structural changes through life
traces
27
study of development changes of the body before birth
embryology
28
kidney function
renal
29
workings of the nervous system
neurophysiology
30
operation of the heart and blood vessels
cardiovascular
31
______ focuses on the function of the body, often at the cellular or molecular level.
physiology
32
physiology focuses on the ___ of the body, often at the ____ or ___ level.
function, cellular, molecular
33
what are the principle of complementarity ?
EVERYTHING THAT HAS A SHAPE IT HAS A FUNCTION.
* Function always reflects structure.
* what a structure can do depends on its specific form
34
what are the levels of structural organization?
* chemical
* cellular
* tissues
* organs
* organ system
* organismal
35
atoms combined to form molecules
chemical
36
cells are made of molecules
cellular
37
consist of similar types of cells
tissues
38
made up of different types of tissues
organs
39
consist of different organs that work closely together
organ system
40
made up of the organ system
organismal
41
___ combined together for molecules
atoms
42
___ are made of molecules
cells
43
atoms combined to form
molecules
44
what organization is the most simplest
chemical
45
what organization is the most complex
organismal
46
name the organization from simplest to most complex
```
chemical
cellular
tissues
organs
organ system
organismal
```
47
what are the necessary life functions?
* maintaining boundaries
* movement
* Responsiveness
* Digestion
* metabolism
* excretion
* reproduction
* growth
48
the internal environment remains distinct from the external.
maintaining boundaries
49
what are the types of ways to maintain boundaries
* Cellular level
| * organismal level
50
accomplished by protecting the plasma membrane
cellular level
51
accomplished by protecting the skin
organismal level
52
locomotion, propulsion( peristalsis ) and contraction
movement
53
ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them ( nerves system)
responsiveness
54
breakdown of ingested food stuffs
digestion
55
all the chemical reactions that occur in the body
metabolism
56
removal of wastes from the body
excretion
57
an original cell divides and produces two identical daughter cells
reproduction in cellular level?
58
sperms and eggs unite to make a whole new sperm.
reproduction in the organismal level ?
59
increase in size of the body or of the organism
growth
60
what are the survival needs?
* nutrition
* oxygen
* water
* maintaining normal body temperature
* atmospheric pressure
61
chemical substance used for energy and cell building
nutrition
62
need for metabolic reactions
oxygen
63
provides the necessary environment for chemical reactions.
water
64
necessary for chemical reactions to occur at life- sustaining rate.
maintaining normal body temperature
65
required for proper breathing and gas in the lungs
atmospheric pressure
66
the ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment on an ever- changing outside world.
Homeostasis
67
the internal environment of the body is in a dynamic state of ____
equilibrium
68
what interacts together to maintain homeostasis
chemical, thermal, neural factors
69
the ____ produces a change in the body
variable
70
All ________ have at least three interdependent components for the variable being regulated.
homeostatic control mechanisms
71
what are the three interdependent components of control mechanisms?
* receptor
* control center
* effector
72
_____ monitors the environments and responds to changes ( stimuli)
Receptor
73
_____ determines the set point at which the variable is maintained
control center
74
_____ provides the means to respond to the stimulus
effector
75
what are the anatomical positions
* body erect
* feet slightly apart
* palms facing forward
* thumbs point away from body
76
____ and _____ = toward and away from the head, respectively
superior, inferior
77
____ and ____= toward the front and back of the body.
Anterior, posterior
78
____, ____ and _____= towards the midline, away from the midline and between a more medial and lateral structure
Medial, Lateral , intermediate.
79
superior, inferior, anterior, posterior, medial, lateral, and intermediate are all
directional terms
80
_____ and ____ = closer to and farther from the origin of the body
proximal, distal
81
____ and ____ = towards and away from the body surface
superficial , deep
82
what are the body planes
sagittal, midsagittal or medial, frontal or coronal, transverse or horizontal and oblique section .
83
_____ divides the body into right and left parts
sagittal
84
sagittal plane that lies in the middle
midsaggital or medial
85
_____ divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
frontal or coronal
86
_____ divides the body into superior and inferior parts
Transverse or horizontal
87
_____ cuts made diagonally
oblique section
88
____ houses and protects the organ
body cavity
89
name the body cavities
dorsal cavity and ventral cavity
90
____ protects the nervous system and is divided into two subdivisions
dorsal cavity
91
______ houses internal organs and is divided into two subdivisions_____ and ______
ventral cavity, thoracic, abdomopelvic
92
dorsal cavity is divided into two subdivision , these are _______ and ______
cranial cavity, vertebral cavity
93
_____ is subdivided into pleural cavity, the mediastinum and the pericardial cavity
thoracic cavity
94
each houses a lung
pleural cavities
95
_____ contains the pericardial cavity, and surrounds the remaining thoracic organs
mediastinum
96
encloses the heart
pericardial cavity
97
______ is separated from the superior thoracic cavity by the dome shaped diaphragm
the abdominopelvic
98
what are the two subdivision of abdominopelvic cavity?
* abdominal cavity
| * pelvic cavity
99
_____ contain the stomach, intestine, spleen, liver and other organs
abdominal cavity
100
_____ lies within the pelvis and contains the bladder, reproductive organs and rectum
pelvic cavity
101
name the ventral body cavity membranes
* parietal serosa
* visceral serosa
* serous fluis
102
between the parietal and visceral serosa is the
serous fluid
103
______ separates the serosae
serous fluid
