Chapter 1

Question 1

What is psychology?

Answer 1

The study of behavior and mental process

Question 2

What does it mean to be a critical thinker?

Answer 2

Involves analyzing and evaluating information and applying it to other situations

Question 3

Goals of psychology

Answer 3

Describe behavior, predict behavior, explain behavior, and to control or change behavior

Question 4

What makes psychology a science?

Answer 4

Use of scientific method

Question 5

Scientific method

Answer 5

Define and describe issues to be studied, form a hypothesis, choose an appropriate research strategy,conduct study, analyze data to support or reject hypothesis

Question 6

Hypothesis

Answer 6

Predictive - specific prediction or set of predictions about the relationship among variables.
Casual - one variable will influence another variable

Question 7

Population of interest

Answer 7

People researchers are interested in studying

Question 8

Sample

Answer 8

Portion or sunset of the population of interest

Question 9

Representative Sample

Answer 9

The sample should reflect the whole population as much as possible

Question 10

Random sample

Answer 10

Every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected to participate in the study (avoids sampling bias)

Question 11

Sample of convenience

Answer 11

Groups who are easily accessible to researchers

Question 12

Naturalistic Observation

Answer 12

Research studies that are conducted in the environment in which the behavior typically occurred

Question 13

Case Study

Answer 13

In depth observation of one participant

Question 14

Surveys

Answer 14

Asking a large group of people about their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors

Question 15

Correlation Studies

Answer 15

Studies relationship between 2 or more variables

Question 16

Correlation Coefficient

Answer 16

A statistic that tells us how strong a relationship between 2 factors is. Range from -1.00 to +1.00

Question 17

Positive Correlation

Answer 17

Relationship in which increases in one variable correspond to increase in the other variable

Question 18

Negative Correlation

Answer 18

A relationship in which increases in one variable corresponds to decreases in the other variable

Question 19

Independent variable

Answer 19

Variable that is manipulated

Question 20

Dependent Variable

Answer 20

Variable in an experiment that measures any affect of the manipulation

Question 21

Experimental Group

Answer 21

Group that receives the manipulation

Question 22

Control Group

Answer 22

Group who do not receive the manipulation

Question 23

Confounding Variables

Answer 23

Any factor other than the independent variable that affects the dependent measure

Question 24

Quasi-experiment

Answer 24

A research study that is not a true experiment because participants are not randomly assigned to conditions

Question 25

Debriefing

Answer 25

Participants in a deceptive study are told the true intents of the study

Question 26

Philosophy

Answer 26

How psychology began

Question 27

Introspection

Answer 27

Wanting to know the reason behind ones own behavior and mental process

Question 28

Structuralism

Answer 28

Identifying basic elements of experience

Question 29

7 perspectives

Answer 29

Biological, Humanistic, Evolutionary, Cognitive, Psychodynamic, behavioral, sociocultural

Question 30

Biological Perspective

Answer 30

An approach that focuses on physical causes of behavior

Question 31

Evolutionary Perspective

Answer 31

Focuses on how evolution and natural selection influence behavior

Question 32

Psychodynamic Perspective

Answer 32

Focuses on internal unconscious mental process, motives, and desires

Question 33

Behavioral Perspective

Answer 33

An approach that focuses on external, environmental influence on behavior

Question 34

Sociocultural Perspective

Answer 34

Focuses on societal and cultural factors that may influence behavior

Question 35

Humanistic Perspective

Answer 35

Focuses on how an individual view of him or herself and the world influences behavior

Question 36

Cognitive Perspective

Answer 36

Focuses on how mental processes influence behavior

Question 37

Eclectic Approach

Answer 37

Integrates and combines several perspectives when explaining behavior