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IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY > chapter 1-6 > Flashcards

chapter 1-6 Flashcards

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1
Q

in what year blood was taken from 3 young men

A

1492

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2
Q

the blood from young men was given to

A

pope innocent vii

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3
Q

when and who recommended sodium phosphate?

A

1869 by braxton hicks

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4
Q

braxton hicks recommended what anticoagulant

A

sodium phosphate

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5
Q

who and when was ABO blood group was discovered

A

karl landsteiner in 1901

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6
Q

who was the first to succeed in blood transfusion

A

edward lindemann

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7
Q

edward lindemann was the first to perform what

A

blood transfusion

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8
Q

who designed syringe-valve apparatus

A

unger

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9
Q

unger designed the

A

syringe-valve apparatus

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10
Q

when and who introduced sodium citrate

A

hustin in 1914

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11
Q

hustin introduced the use of what anticoagulant

A

sodium citrate

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12
Q

who determined the minimum amount of citrate to use

A

lewisohn

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13
Q

who was the first appointed director of the first american red cross blood bank

A

dr. drew charles

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14
Q

what is tthe meaning of AABB

A

american association of blood bank

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15
Q

traditionally, how much is the amount of whole blood in a unit

A

450 mL of blood (1 pint)

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16
Q

more recently, how much is the amount of whole blood is collected

A

500 mL of blood

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17
Q

how many mL of anticoagulant in 500 mL of blood collected

A

63-70 mL of anticoagulant

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18
Q

what is the maximum volume collected in a 110-pound donor

A

525 mL of blood

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19
Q

how many total blood volume in most adult

A

10-12 pints

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20
Q

the donor’s red cells are replaced for how long

A

1-2 months after donation

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21
Q

a volunteer donor can donate whole blood again every

A

8 weeks

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22
Q

whole blood can be separated into what component

A

packed RBC
platelets
plasma

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23
Q

what factor is factor viii

A

antihemophilic factor

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24
Q

a unit of whole blood-prepared rbcs may be stored at

A

21-42 days

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25
what is the biochemical component of RBC
52% protein 40% lipids 8% carbohydrates
26
intracellular-to-extracellular ratio of Na
1:12
27
intracellular-to-extracellular ratio of K
25:1
28
it is a cytoplasmic calcium-binding protein
calmodulin
29
what are the pathways for RBC metabolism
the pentose phosphate pathway the methemoglobin reductase pathway the luebering-rapoport shunt
30
it has a significant effect on the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen
2-3-DPG
31
the antigens present on all blood cells are expressed as a
phenotype
32
it controls what antigens may be expressed on the cell
genotype
33
what are the major areas of population genetics of concern to blood banking
mendel's law of inheritance hardy-weinberg principle inheritance pattern
34
he started the first classification of living things in 17th century
carolus linnaeus
34
charles darwin published a book that titled
on the origin of species
35
the physical traits that act as factors is also called as
elementen
36
what is the first law of Mendel
the law of independent or random segregation
37
the first generation is called
parental, pure, or P1 generation
38
when both first generations is crossbred the product is also called as
first-filial or F1 generation
39
when both F1 is crossbred the product is also called as
second-filial or F2 generation
40
what is hardy-weinberg formula
p+q=1
41
hardy-weinberg formula can also be stated as
p2+2pq+q2=1
42
it refers to the traits that are not carried on the sex chromosomes
autosomal trait
43
it refers to a trait that is carried by either parent or both parent but is not usually seen at the phenotypic level
recessive trait
44
it stains as dark bands
heterochromatin
45
it stains as light bands and consists of highly condensed region
achromatin
46
it is the swollen form of chromatin in cells, which is considered to be more active in the synthesis of RNA for transcription
euchromatin
47
the chromatin itself, which chiefly comprises of long polymers of DNA and various basic proteins called
histones
48
how many autosomes and sex chromosome does a human have
22 autosome and 1 sex chromosomes
49
is a gene that does not produce any obvious, easily detectable traits and is homozygous for the trait
amorph
50
it refers to the condition when one chromosome has a copy of the gene and the other chromosome has that gene deleted or absent
hemizygous
51
factors affecting Ag-Ab reactions
distance ag-ab ratio pH temperature immunoglobulin type
52
a type of immunity consists of the fluid parts of the IS, such as antibodies and complement components found in plasma, saliva, and other secretions
humoral immunity
53
a type of immunity that is mediated by various IS cells, such as macrophages, T-cells, and dendritic cells
cellular immunity
54
it is more advanced and was developed after vertebrates had evolved
acquired immune response
55
these are factors that include antibodies and complement components in plasma that coat pathogens and facilitate phagocytosis
opsonins
56
the two major classes of MHC genes and antigens
MHC class I MHC class II
57
this class is usually found on most nucleated cells in the body
MHC class I
58
this class is usually found on most antigen-presenting cells
MHC class II
59
MHC class I codes for
HLA-A HLA-B HLA-C
60
MHC class II codes for
HLA-DQ HLA-DR
61
marker of T-helper cells (Th)
CD4
62
marker of T-cytotoxic cells (Tc)
CD8
63
the primary lymphoid organ
thymus bone marrow
64
the secondary lymphoid organ
lymph spleen
65
the activation of this pathway is initiated by Ag-Ab complex
classical complement pathway
66
the activation of this pathway is surface contact with complex molecules and artificial surfaces such as dialysis membranes and dextran polymers
alternative complement pathway
67
the activation of this pathway is by the attachment of MBL to microbes
lectin complement pathways
68
the ideal pH for Ag-Ab reactions
pH 6.5-7.5
69
it generally contains 0.2% of sodium chloride
low ionic strength solutions (LISS)
70
term to describe IgG
nonagglutinating incomplete antibodies
71
AHG that detects in vitro sensitization of RBCs and a two-stage technique
indirect antiglobulin test (IAT)
72
AHG that detects in vivo sensitization of RBCs and a one-stage technique
direct antiglobulin test (DAT)
73
a reagent that contains antibodies to human IgG and to the C3d component of the human complement
polyspecific AHG
74
a reagent that contains only one antibody specificity
monospecific AHG
75
ratio of serum to cells
40:1
76
reaction mediums
albumin LISS polyethylene glycol
77
it is used to enhance antibody uptake and allow incubation times to be decreased form 30-60 to 10-15 mins
LISS
78
it s a water-soluble linear polymer and is used as an additive to increase antibody uptake
polyethylene glycol
79
temperature for AHG
37 degrees celcius
80
recommended RCF by the CBER
1000 RCF for 20 seconds
81
what blood group does have naturally occuring antibodies?
ABO blood group
82
ABH antigen result from the same basic precursor material called
paragloboside or glycan
82
(ABO, Hh, and Se) produces what specific enzyme
glycosyltransferase
83
what is the precursor of A and B antigen
H antigenH
84
He and Se is located on what chromosome
chromosome 19
85
ABO genes is located on what chromosome
chromosome 9
86
it refers to the phenotype that lacks normal expression of the ABH antigens because of the inheritance of hh genotype
bombay
87
lectin used for agglutinates A1 or A1B
dolichos biflorus
88
lectin used for agglutinates B cells
Bandeiraea simplicifolia
89
lectin used for agglutinates O and other ABO blood groups
Ulex europaeus

IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY (1 decks)

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