Chapter 1

Question 1

What is chemistry?

Answer 1

the study of matter, its properties, and the changes it undergoes.

Question 2

Deifine Matter

Answer 2

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 3

Two classifications of matter

Answer 3

State, composition

Question 4

Three states of matter for water

Answer 4

Ice, liquid vapor, water vapor

Question 5

Homogeneous mixture

Answer 5

Uniform, variable composition

Question 6

heterogeneous mixture

Answer 6

Not uniform throughout

Question 7

Element vs Cpd.

Answer 7

A cpd. contains more than one type of atom, element is pure

Question 8

What is a substance?

Answer 8

Has distinct properties, composition does not vary from sample to sample

Question 9

Two types of substances

Answer 9

Element, Cpd.

Question 10

Can elements and cps. bc decomposed more?

Answer 10

Elements cannot be decomposed more, a compound can be decomposed into elements

Question 11

What is the building block of matter?

Answer 11

Atom

Question 12

What are elements made out of?

Answer 12

Unique kinds of atoms

Question 13

What are cpds. made out of?

Answer 13

atoms from two or more different elements

Question 14

How many elements are currently named?

Answer 14

118

Question 15

How many elements make up 90% of the earth’s crust? What are they? (Largest to smallest %)

Answer 15

5, O, Si, Al, Fe, Ca

Question 16

How many elements make up body’s mass? What are they? (Largest to smallest %)

Answer 16

3, O, C, H

Question 17

What does the Law of Constant Composition state (AKA Law of Definite Proportions)

Answer 17

Cpds. have a definite composition. Means that the relative # of atoms of each element in cpd is the same in any sample

Question 18

T/F Homogeneous mixtures and solutions are the same thing

Answer 18

True, A homogeneous mixture is also called a solution

Question 19

Two types of properties

Answer 19

Physical, Chemical

Question 20

What are some examples of physical properties?

Answer 20

Color, odor, density, melting point, boiling point, hardness. Physical properties DO NOT change a substance into another substance

Question 21

Examples of chemical properties

Answer 21

Combustion & Oxidation. Chemical properties can ONLY be observed when a substance is changed into another substance

Question 22

Difference btwn intensive properties and extensive properties.

Answer 22

Intensive prop. are independent of the amount of the substance present, while extensive prop. depend upon the amount of the substance present

Question 23

Examples of intensive properties? What are they used for?

Answer 23

density, boiling point, color. Used for identifying a substance

Question 24

Examples of extensive properites

Answer 24

Mass, Volume, energy

Question 25

Physical vs chemical changes

Answer 25

Physical changes do not change composition, while chem changes do and result in new substances

Question 26

Examples of physical change

Answer 26

State change, temperature, volume

Question 27

Chemical changes

Answer 27

Combustion, oxidation, decomposition

Question 28

Some methods for separating mixtures

Answer 28

filtration, distillation, chromatography

Question 29

Describe filtration

Answer 29

Solid substances are separated from liquids and solutions

Question 30

Describe distillation

Answer 30

Uses difference in boiling points of subs to separate of homogeneous mixture into is components

Question 31

Define energy

Answer 31

The capacity to do work or transfer heat

Question 32

Define work

Answer 32

Energy transferred when a force exerted on an object causes a displacement of that object

Question 33

Heat

Answer 33

Energy used to cause the temperature of an object to increase

Question 34

Force

Answer 34

Any push/pull on an object

Question 35

Define kinetic energy & formula

Answer 35

Energy of motion; | KE=(1/2)mv^2

Question 36

Define potential energy

Answer 36

Energy that depends upon an object's relative position compared to other objects

Question 37

Qualitative vs quantitiave

Answer 37

Relative characterization vs numerical characterization

Question 38

SI base unit for mass?

Answer 38

kilogram

Question 39

Metric system base unit for mass

Answer 39

Gram

Question 40

Base unit for length

Answer 40

Meter

Question 41

Freezing and Boiling points in celsius

Answer 41

0 and 100

Question 42

What is the base temp. unit for properties of gases

Answer 42

Kelvin

Question 43

Celsius to Kelvin equation

Answer 43

K=C+273.15

Question 44

F to C temperature equation

Answer 44

F=(9/5)(C)+32

Question 45

C to F temperatuer equations

Answer 45

C=(5/9)(F-32)

Question 46

Common units for density

Answer 46

g/cm^3 or g/mL