Chapter 1

Question 1

What is Active Transport?

Answer 1

A process in which molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Question 2

Magnification

Answer 2

Is the magnification of an image that is not its actual size.
You can calculate this by using the IAM Triangle.

Question 3

Resolution

Answer 3

Is the ability to distinguish between 2 points in an image.

Question 4

How do you calculate total magnification

Answer 4

Eyepiece lens x objective lens

Question 5

Define the term resolution

Answer 5

Resolution is the ability to distinguish between two separate points in an image

Question 6

What is the role of the nucleus

Answer 6

Contains DNA in the form of chromosomes. Contains the genetic code.

Question 7

What is the role cytoplasm in a cell

Answer 7

This is where chemcial reactions take place

Question 8

What is the function of the cell membrane

Answer 8

Controls what enters and leaves the cells.

Question 9

What is function of the mitochondria is cells

Answer 9

This is the site of respiration.

Glucose + Oxyen –> Carbon dioxide + water vapour + ATP energy

Question 10

Define the word ‘magnification’

Answer 10

Magnification is how much bigger an image is compared to it’s actual size.
Can be calculated by using the IAM triange.

Question 11

Function of the cellulose cell wall

Answer 11

This is outer layer of plant cells. It is made of cellulose. It gives the plant strength and support.

Question 12

Why are ribosomes needed in a cell?

Answer 12

Ribosomes are the site (location) where proteins are made.

Question 13

What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

Answer 13

Chloroplasts contain a green chemcial called chlorophyll. It traps sunlight energy which is needed for photosynthesis.

Question 14

Define a Eukaryotic cells?

Answer 14

These are cells which have 46 chromosomes in the nucleus.

Question 15

Define Prokaryotic cells

Answer 15

They are bacteria that have one chromosomes in their nucleus

Question 16

What is a vacuole?

Answer 16

Is found in the animal and human cell and carry’s fluid like cytoplasm.

Question 17

What is plasmid?

Answer 17

Plasmid is the structure of our cells based on the dna in our chromasomes

Question 18

What is the order of magnitude?

Answer 18

Is the size or quantity of something like a cell.

Question 19

Nerve cell adaptations

Answer 19

The sheath acts as an insulator - rather like the plastic coating of an electrical wire. Neurones are adapted to their function by being long, so that they communicate with distant parts of the body

Question 20

Muscle cell adaptation

Answer 20

Many cells are specialised. They have structures that are adapted for their function. For example, muscle cells bring parts of the body closer together. They contain protein fibres that can contract when energy is available, making the cells shorter.

Question 21

Sperm cell adaptations

Answer 21

It has a pointy head so it can get to the egg it also has a tail to let it swim further into the woman’s womb.

Question 22

Root hair cell adaptation

Answer 22

Plants absorb water from the soil by osmosis. Root hair cells are adapted for this by having a large surface area to speed up osmosis.

Question 23

Xylem cells

Answer 23

Xylem is one of the two types of transport tissue in plants, phloem being the other. The basic function of xylem is to transport water from roots to shoots and leaves, but it also transports some nutrients.

Question 24

Phloem cells

Answer 24

Plants have transport systems to move food, water and minerals around. These systems use continuous tubes called xylem and phloem.

Question 25

Diffusion

Answer 25

Diffusion is the net passive movement of particles (atoms, ions or molecules) from a region in which they are in higher concentration to regions of lower concentration.

Question 26

Osmosis

Answer 26

Osmosis is the special case of diffusion involving water molecules. Water molecules move from areas of high water concentration to areas of low water concentration through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 27

Concentrated

Answer 27

Means where there is lots of something example in squash there is high concentration of sugar.

Question 28

Lysis

Answer 28

A fluid containing the contents of lysed cells is called a lysate. In molecular biology, biochemistry, and cell biology laboratories, cell cultures may be subjected to lysis in the process of purifying their components, as in protein purification, DNA extraction or in purifying organelles.

Question 29

Plasmolysis

Answer 29

The shrinking of protoplasm away from the cell wall of a plant or bacterium due to water loss from osmosis, thereby resulting in gaps between the cell wall and cell membrane

Question 30

Turgid

Answer 30

Turgid comes from the Latin word turgidus, meaning “swollen, inflated.” Turgid can be used in a figurative sense to describe things that are overblown.

Question 31

Mitosis

Answer 31

Mitosis is the type of cell division that leads to growth or repair. When a cell divides by mitosis:
two new cells form
each cell is identical to the other one, and the cell they were formed from

Question 32

Cytokinesis

Answer 32

Cytokinesis is the physical process of cell division, which divides the cytoplasm of a parental cell into two daughter cells. It occurs concurrently with two types of nuclear division called mitosis and meiosis, which occur in animal cells.

Question 33

Gene

Answer 33

Is what determines how we look and act this is basically the coding structure of our body.

Question 34

Chromosome

Answer 34

Is where all the dna is stored inside the nucleus every body should have 46

Question 35

Pathogen

Answer 35

A microorganism that can harm your body.

Question 36

Antibodies

Answer 36

Attacking pathogens so they do not reproduce

Question 37

Phagocytes

Answer 37

Engolf the pathogens

Question 38

Lymphocytes

Answer 38

Produce antibodies which kills pathogens

Question 39

Human defense system

Answer 39

Skin