Chapter 1

Question 1

social psychology

Answer 1

scientific study of how people think about, influence and relate to one another

Question 2

social thinking

Answer 2

perceive ourselves, judgements, attitudes

Question 3

social influence

Answer 3

culture, persuasion, groups

Question 4

social relations

Answer 4

prejudice, aggression, helping

Question 5

big ideas

Answer 5

we react differently because we think differently

Question 6

social influences shape our behavior

Answer 6

locality, education levels, subscribed media, culture

Question 7

internal forces

Answer 7

inner attitudes about specific situations

Question 8

how does social psychology apply to every day life

Answer 8

how to know ourselves better, implications for human health, implications for judicial procedures, influencing behaviors

Question 9

is social psychology imply common sense?

Answer 9

problem with it- invoked after we knew facts

Question 10

hindsight bias

Answer 10

i knew it all along phenomenon

Question 11

research methods

Answer 11

forming and testing a hypothesis

Question 12

hypothesis

Answer 12

testable - allows us to test theories

Question 13

theory

Answer 13

integrated set of principles that explain and predict observed event

Question 14

correlation research

Answer 14

detecting natural associations - naturally occurring relationships among variables ex. location, fields

Question 15

positive correlation

Answer 15

moving in the same direction

Question 16

negative

Answer 16

one goes up, other goes down

Question 17

correlation and causation

Answer 17

allows us to predict but not tell whether changing one variable will cause changes - do not equal each other

Question 18

survey research

Answer 18

random sample, unrepresentative samples, order of questions

Question 19

anchoring bias

Answer 19

wording of questions, framing

Question 20

experimental research

Answer 20

cause-effect relationship

Question 21

control

Answer 21

manipulating variables

Question 22

independent variable

Answer 22

factor that researcher manipulates

Question 23

dependent variable

Answer 23

variable being measured

Question 24

debriefing

Answer 24

discloses any deception

Question 25

informed consent

Answer 25

research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate

Question 26

confidentiality

Answer 26

private

Question 27

spotlight effect

Answer 27

seeing ourselves center stage, thus overestimating the extent to which others' attention is aimed at us

Question 28

illusion of transparency

Answer 28

illusion that our concealed emotions lean out and can be easily read by others

Question 29

self-concept

Answer 29

what we know and believe about ourselves "who am i?"

Question 30

self- schema

Answer 30

beliefs about self that organize and guide the processing of self-relevant information

Question 31

what determines our self concept

Answer 31

roles we play, social identities, comparisons we make with others, how people judge us, surrounding culture

Question 32

the roles we play

Answer 32

new roles begin as playacting then become reality

Question 33

social comparisons

Answer 33

we compare ourselves with others and consider how they differ

Question 34

individualism

Answer 34

concept of giving priority to one's own goals over group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather group identifications

Question 35

example

Answer 35

becoming an adult means moving out of your parents house

Question 36

collectivism

Answer 36

giving priority to the goals of one's group

Question 37

planning fallacy

Answer 37

tendency to underestimate how long it will take to compete a task

Question 38

impact bias

Answer 38

overestimating the enduring impact of emotion-causing events

Question 39

self esteem

Answer 39

person's overall evaluation or sense of self-wroth

Question 40

self efficacy

Answer 40

how competent we feel on a task - lead sis to set challenging goals and to permit

Question 41

what is the nature and motivating power of self-esteem?

Answer 41

our overall self-evaluation or sense of self-worth

Question 42

trade off of low VS high self esteem

Answer 42

dark side- narcissism

Question 43

locus of control

Answer 43

extent to which people perceive outcomes a sinter ally controllable by their own efforts and actions or as externally controlled by chance or outside forces

Question 44

self serving bias

Answer 44

tendency to perceive oneself favorably

Question 45

areas in which we think

Answer 45

ethics, professional competence, virtues, intelligence, parental support, health, driving

Question 46

unrealistic optimism

Answer 46

is on the rise, illusory optimism increases our vulnerability

Question 47

defensive pessimism

Answer 47

adaptive value of anticipating and harnessing one's anxiety to motivate effective action

Question 48

false consensus effect

Answer 48

tendency to overestimate the community of one's opinions

Question 49

adaptive

Answer 49

protests people form depression

Question 50

maladaptive

Answer 50

groups serving bias

Question 51

self presentation

Answer 51

wanting to present a desired image both to an external audience and to an internal audience

Question 52

impression management

Answer 52

tendency to act like social chameleons

Question 53

priming

Answer 53

activating particular associations in memory

Question 54

perceiving and interpreting information

Answer 54

Kulechov effect