Chapter 1 Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is a sex crime?
a criminal offense that has an element involving a sexual act or sexual contact with another
Groth and Birnbaum’s Child Molester Typology Fixed Offenders
Fixed offenders: a)abuse because of an innate and persistent attraction to children and fascination with childhood b) often see their crimes as consensual relationships
preoccupation with children- socially and physically
-highly likely to exhibit grouping behavior- or enticing to engage in sex. activity by gaining trust of individual and family
- abuse because of an innate and persistent attraction to children and fascination with childhood and often see their crimes as consensual relationships
- greater risk of recidivism especially those with a fixation toward male victims- commit multiple acts before getting caught
- most victims
Groth and Birnbaum’s Child Molester Typology Regressed offenders
a) prefer adult sexual and interpersonal relationships
b) typically offend after experiencing stressors or neg. life events
- sex with children is a coping mechanism
- victimize accessible children- young relatives or children whom they have normal contact with
-prefer adult sexual and interpersonal relationships
typically offend after experiencing stressors or negative life events
Knight and Prentky’s Child Molester Axis I
measures the degree of fixation offenders ( high vs low) have with children
- offenders level of social competence (self confidence, assertiveness)
- 4 sub types:
- high fixation/ high social competence- highest level of sexual deviance- greater odds to re offend
- high fixation/ low social competence
- low fixation/ high social competence
- low fixation/ low social competence
Knight and Prentky’s C. M Axis II
measures the amount of contact offenders have with children
- the meaning of the contact
- the amount and type of injury involved in the contact
- 2 high contact
- high contact/ interpersonal need- attempt to start a meaningful relationship with victim
- high contact/ narcissistic need- motivated for sexual gratification
- 4 low contact- sadistic offenders commit more offenses
- low contact/ low physical injury/ non-sadistic-
- low contact/ low physical injury/ sadistic
- low contact/ high physical injury/ non- sadistic
- low contact/ high physical injury/ sadistic
FBI C.M. Typologies-Situational
- target victims based on availability not necessarily preference
- characteristics of offenders: less intelligence, lower SES, personality disorder, criminal background, impulsive, and prefers violent pornography
- 3 categories:
- regressed- when presented with a stressful event will resort to child molestation
- morally indiscriminate- not necessarily prefer children, however they use them to fulfill certain aspects such as power. or control sometimes sexually (user/abuser)
- inadequate- maybe mentally ill, insecure, socially inept- children only viable sexual outlet
FBI C.M. Typologies- Preferential
- prefer victimizing children have a victim type (hair, gender)
- greater intelligence, higher SES, paraphilia or abnormal sexual disorder, history of offending, theme prone, compulsive
- 4 sub categories
- seductive- sees the abuse as consensual- courting- treat victim as same age as offender
- introverted- attracted to children lacks social skills to court- engages minimally with victims and molests strangers- very young
- sadistic - aggressive offenders- aroused by violence- stranger victims- dangerous
- diverse- sexual experimentation- children are less threatening sexual targets
Groth Rapist Typology
anger, power sadistic
Groth R. Typ.. Anger rapes
- difficulty interacting with others, expresses hostility or anger
- impulsive and triggered by interpersonal conflict
- involve physical force and victim humiliation
Groth R. Typ.. Power Rapes
- rape is expressive of need to control victim
- involve less physical force as primary motivation is to dominate victim rather than express hostility or anger
- involve more planning than anger rapes
Groth R. Typ.. Sadistic Rapes
- rare sub-type
- receive sexual gratification by inflicting pain on victims
- involve significant premeditation in selecting victims- often prefer a certain type of victim
Knight/Prentky’s Rape
opportunistic, pervasively angry, sexual gratification, vindictive
Knight/Prentky’s Opportunisitic rape
- tends to commit impulsive rape- opportunistic
- opportunistic/high social competence
- opportunistic/low social competence
Knight/Prentky’s pervasively angry
- global and undifferentiated anger
- inflict physical violence and aggression
- similar to Groth’s anger rapist
Knight/Prentky’s sexual gratification
- compelled to commit rape to fulfil sexual needs
- high sexual preoccupation
- sadistic/overt
- sadistic/ muted
- non-sadistic/ high social competence
- non- sadistic/ low social competence
Knight/Prentky’s vindictive
- motivated by misogynistic anger
- women
- vindictive/ low social competence
- vindictive/ moderate social competence
Hazelwood and Warren’s
Impulsive and ritualistic
Hazelwood and Warren’s Impulsive rapists
- least successful at evading
- devotes little planning
- criminally unsophisticated
- spontaneous in offending
- motivated by sense of entitlement as well as anger and control
- more likely to be apprehended
Hazelwood and Warren’s Ritualistic rapists
- follow a script motived by recurring fantasies
- selective about victim and crime location
- significantly more difficult to apprehend
O’Brien and Bera’s JSO (7)
a) naïve experimenter- sexual curiosity primary motivation for offending
b) under-socialized c.m- offending allows offender to meet unmet social needs
c) pseudo- socialized c.m - appears adequately socialized, but is also manipulative and narcissistic
d) sexual aggressive- sexual arousal linked with physical aggression
e) sexual compulsive- commits primarily non-contact crimes such as voyeurism
f) disturbed impulsive- antisocial and unpredictable
g) group- influenced- offend to gain peer approval
Prentky JSo (6)
a) child molesters- offend against younger children
b) rapists- commit offenses against older victims
c) sexually reactive child- young offenders who victimize similarly aged peers
d) fondler- commits non-penetrative offenses like fondling
e) paraphilic offenders- commits non- contact crimes such as indecent exposure
f) unclassifiable JSO- offenders who do not neatly fit into any of the other 5 categories
