Chapter 1

Question 1

What is statistics?

Answer 1

the science of conducting studies to collect, organize, summarize, analyze and draw conclusions from data.

Question 2

variable

Answer 2

characteristic or attribute that can assume different values

Question 3

data

Answer 3

values that a variable can assume

Question 4

population

Answer 4

consists of all subject (human or otherwise) that are studied

Question 5

sample

Answer 5

a subset of the population

Question 6

descriptive statistics

Answer 6

consists of the collection, organization, summarization & presentation of data

Question 7

inferential statistics

Answer 7

consists of generalizing from samples to populations, performing estimations and hypothesis tests, determining relationships among variables and making predictions

Question 8

qualitative data

Answer 8

categorical

Question 9

quantitative data

Answer 9

numerical (can be ranked, i.e. age)

Question 10

discrete data

Answer 10

countable (5, 29, 8000, etc)

Question 11

continuous data

Answer 11

can be decimals (2.59, 312.1, etc., i.e. temperature)

Question 12

Discrete or Continuous data?

highest windspeed of a hurricane

Answer 12

continuous

Question 13

Discrete or Continuous data?

weight of baggage on an airplane

Answer 13

continuous

Question 14

Discrete or Continuous data?

number of pages in a statistics book

Answer 14

discrete

Question 15

Discrete or Continuous data?

amount of money a person spends online

Answer 15

discrete

Question 16

class

Answer 16

quantitative or qualitative category

Question 17

boundary

Answer 17

a class in which data would be placed before the data is rounded

Question 18

Find the boundary for this measurement:

17.6 inches

Answer 18

17.55 - 17.65 in

Question 19

Find the boundary for this measurement:

23 degrees F

Answer 19

22.5 - 23.5 degrees F

Question 20

Find the boundary for this measurement:

154.62 mg/dl

Answer 20

154.615 - 154.625 mg/dl

Question 21

Find the boundary for this measurement:

39.5 cm

Answer 21

38.55 - 39.55 cm

Question 22

Data Collection: Random

Answer 22

random number generator

Question 23

Data Collection: Systematic

Answer 23

every k(th) subject (quality testing)

Question 24

Data Collection: Stratified

Answer 24

divide population into “layers”

Question 25

Data Collection: Cluster

Answer 25

use intact groups (i.e. area codes)

Question 26

Data Collection: Convenient

Answer 26

mall surveys

Question 27

Which sampling method was used? Out of 10 hospitals in a municipality, a researcher selects one and collects records for a 24-hour period on the types of emergencies that were treated there.

Answer 27

cluster

Question 28

Which sampling method was used? A researcher divides a group of students according to gender, major field, and low, average, and high grade point average. Then she randomly selects six students from each group to answer questions in a survey.

Answer 28

stratified

Question 29

Which sampling method was used? | The subscribers to a magazine are numbered. Then a sample of these people is selected using random numbers.

Answer 29

random

Question 30

Which sampling method was used? Every 10th bottle of Super-Duper Cola is selected, and the amount of liquid in the bottle is measured. The purpose to to see if the machines that fill the bottles are working properly.

Answer 30

systematic

Question 31

census

Answer 31

when data are collected from every subject in the population

Question 32

probability

Answer 32

the chance of an event occuring

Question 33

hypothesis testing

Answer 33

decision-making process for evaluating claims about a population, based on information obtained from samples

Question 34

Descriptive or Inferential Statistics? | the average jackpot for the top five lottery winners was $367.6 million.

Answer 34

descriptive statistics were used because this is an average, and it is based on data obtained from the top five lottery winners at this time.

Question 35

Descriptive or Inferential Statistics? a study done by the American Academy or Neurology suggests that older people who had a high caloric diet more than doubled their risk of memory loss.

Answer 35

Inferential statistics were used since this is a generalization made from a sample to a population.

Question 36

Descriptive or Inferential Statistics? based on a survey or 9317 consumers done by the National Retail Federation, the average amount that consumers spent on Valentine's Day in 2011 was $116.

Answer 36

Descriptive statistics were used since this is an average based on a sample of 9317 respondents.

Question 37

Descriptive or Inferential Statistics? scientists at the University of Oxford in England found that a good laugh significantly raises a person's pain level tolerance.

Answer 37

Inferential statistics were used since an inference is made from a sample to a population.