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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

structure of the human body

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2
Q

Physiology

A

function of the human body

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3
Q

Cells

A

basic unit of structure and function

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4
Q

Tissues

A

collection of cells with specific functions

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5
Q

Organs

A

groups of different tissues with a function

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6
Q

Organ System

A

group of organs with common function

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7
Q

Organism

A

composed of organ systems interacting

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8
Q

5 Requirements of life

A
  1. Water
  2. Food
  3. Pressure
  4. Heat
  5. Oxygen
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9
Q

Homeostasis

A

a stable internal environment

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10
Q

Three Parts of Homeostatic Mechanism

A
  1. Receptor- detects and provides information about the stimuli
  2. Control Center- the decision maker
  3. Effector- muscle or gland that responds to the control center, causes the necessary change in internal environment
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11
Q

Homeostatic Mechanism

A

it is a self regulated system that monitor aspects of the internal environment

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12
Q

Negative Feedback

A

return conditions toward normal range and the deviation from a set point lessens; moves variable in opposite direction of the stimulus
EX: body temp, blood pressure, and blood glucose

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13
Q

Positive Feedback

A

activity of effector is increased; the change is intensified
EX: blood clotting, uterine contractions

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14
Q

Axial Portion of Human Body

A

head,neck,trunck,chest

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15
Q

Appendicular Portion

A

upper and lower limbs

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16
Q

Abdominal Cavity

A

stomach, liver, spleen, kidneys

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17
Q

Pelvic Cavity

A

large intestine, urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs

18
Q

Diaphragm

A

a muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominalpelvic cavity

19
Q

Visceral Layer

A

inner layer, covers an organ

20
Q

Parietal Layer

A

outer layer, lines wall of cavity

21
Q

Integumentary System

A

function: protection, body temp regulation, sensory reception and production of vitamin D
organs: skin, hair, nails, sweat, glands, sebaceous glands

22
Q

Skeletal System

A

function: provide framework, protect soft tissue, provide attachment
organs: bones, ligaments, cartilage

23
Q

Muscular System

A

function: cause movement, maintain posture, produce body heat
organs: muscles

24
Q

Nervous System

A

function: detects changes, receives and interprets sensory information
organs: brain, spinal cord, nerves

25
Q

Endocrine System

A

function: coordination of organ function through nerve impulses or hormones
organs: glands that secret organs

26
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

function: transportation of gases, nutrients, blood cells and waste
organs: heart, arteries, capillaries, veins

27
Q

Digestive System

A

function: receives food, breaks down food and excretes waste
organs: mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands

28
Q

Respiratory System

A

function: exchanges of gases
organs: nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, branchi, lungs

29
Q

Urinary System

A

function: removes wastes from blood, maintain water and electrolytes balanced
organs: uterus, kidneys, urinary bladder, urethra

30
Q

Reproductive System

A

function: transports sex cells
organs: ovaries,uterus, vagina, vulva, uterine tubes, testes, prostate gland, penis

31
Q

Anatomical Position

A

body posture when the body is erect, faces foward, arms to the side

32
Q

Superior

A

a body part above another body part

33
Q

Inferior

A

a body part below another body part

34
Q

Anterior (ventral)

A

towards the front

35
Q

Posterior (dorsal)

A

towards the back

36
Q

Proximal

A

a part close to a point of attachment to the trunk

37
Q

Distal

A

a part farther from a point of attachment to the trunk

38
Q

Superficial

A

near the surface

39
Q

Deep

A

describes internal parts

40
Q

three planes of dissection

A
  1. Saggital- cuts the body into left and right
  2. Frontal- cuts the body into front and back
  3. Transverse- cuts the body into inferior and superior

Anatomy and Physiology (7 decks)

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