Chapter 1 Flashcards
(19 cards)
Syllogism
An argument using deductive reasoning.
Objective Knowledge
Knowledge that is true under all circumstances, and not subject to change.
Knowledge by Acquaintance
Person S knows something or someone X, or more specifically: person S is acquainted with the characteristics of X. (I know my neighbour Anna)
Competence Knowledge
Person S knows how to do D (I know how to ride a bicycle)
Propositional Knowledge
Person S knows that P (I know that December is the last month of the calendar year)
Correspondence Theory of Truth
P is true if it corresponds with the facts.
Coherence Theory
P is true if it coheres with a system of propositions.
Doctrine of Internal Relations
Feature of coherence theory: members of a system necessarily imply every other member of the same system.
Doctrine of Degrees of Truth
If the truth is a whole, the components of said truth may be true only in context or to certain degrees. Assumes that as mortal beings we are unlikely ever to access the complete truth, merely fragments.
Pragmatic Theory of Truth
If P is useful, or ultimately leads to success, then it is true.
Belief
Implies probability, but some level of uncertainty.
Occurent Belief
Belief one is conscious of in the present moment.
Dispositional Belief
On-going belief that one is not necessarily consciously aware of at any particular moment.
Justification (Epistemology)
In Epistemology, Justification implies meeting certain epistemic standards.
Empiricism
Claims that all knowledge comes from the senses, in other words, is a posteriori knowledge, coming after experience.
Rationalism
Claims that reason is sufficient for knowledge and that some (if not all) knowledge is a priori, present before experience.
Moderate Skeptic
Claims that we cannot be truly justified in an belief.
Weak Skeptic
Claims that we can know some truths, such as mathematical truths, but little else.
Radical Skeptic
Claims that we can know nothing, not even that we do not know.
