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chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

A-band

A

region of striated muscle that contains myosin thick filaments

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2
Q

acetylcholine

A

a neurotransmitter release bye nerve cells

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3
Q

actin

A

one of the proteins that forms microfilaments

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4
Q

action potential

A

neuron sending information down an axon

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5
Q

all or none principal

A

a neuron fires or it doesn’t

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6
Q

alveolar pressure

A

the pressure of the air inside the lung alveoli. When no air is flowing in or out the pressure is equal

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7
Q

alveoli

A

tiny air sacs in lungs

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8
Q

aortic valve

A

the valve between the left ventricle and the aorta

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9
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

everything that is not the cranium or vertebral column

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10
Q

arterial system

A

high pressure portion of the circulatory system

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11
Q

arteriole

A

small branch of an artery leading into capillaries

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12
Q

artery

A

blood vessels that deliver blood away from the heart

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13
Q

AV bundle

A

extension of AV node

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14
Q

AV node

A

part of the electrical system of the heart that coordinates the top of the heart

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15
Q

AV valves

A

the valves between the atriums and ventricles

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16
Q

atrium

A

top chambers of the heart

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17
Q

axial skeleton

A

skull and vertebral column, ribs and sternum

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18
Q

biaxial joints

A

has movement along two axis

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19
Q

bone periosteum

A

membrane that covers the outer surface of all bones

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20
Q

bradycardia

A

slow heart beat

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21
Q

bronchi

A

airways that lead from the trachea into the lungs

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22
Q

bronchioles

A

air passages inside the lung

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23
Q

capillary

A

small blood vessel, convey blood between arterioles and venules

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24
Q

cartilagenous joints

A

joints attached by cartilage

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25
crossbridge
attachment of actin within the muscle cell
26
depolarization
change resulting in a negative charge within a cell
27
diastole
phase of heartbeat when the heart muscle relaxes and the chamber fill with blood
28
diffusion
movement of a substance from high concentration to low concentration
29
distal
away from the center of the body
30
electrocardiogram
a test that measures the electrical activity of the heart
31
endomysium
membrane that covers individual muscle fibers
32
epimysium
connective tissue that covers muscles
33
extrafusal fibers
skeletal standard muscle fibers, major force producing structure
34
fast twitch fiber
muscle fibers with a fast twitch time, generate the most power, fatigue quickly
35
fibrous joints
joints where bones are connected by fibrous tissue
36
golgi tendon organ
a proprioceptor that sense changes in muscle tension
37
hemoglobin
protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen
38
hyaline cartilage
cartilage found in ribs, nose, trachea and larynx
39
h - zone
central region of a band, thick myosin and is shortened during contraction
40
I band
areas in two adjacent carcomeres that contain only actin filaments
41
inferior
what is below
42
intrafuscal fibers
skeletal muscle fibers that serve as proprioceptors (constitute the muscle spindle)
43
left bundle branch
conduct impulses to all parts of the ventricles
44
mitral valve
the valve between left and right atrium
45
motor neuron
a neuron whose cell body is located in the motor cortex, mainly affects muscles
46
motor unit
made of a motor neuron and the skeletal muscle fibers that that neuron axonal terminates
47
multiaxial joints
joints that move through 3 axis
48
muscle fiber
composed of myofibrils
49
muscle spindle
stretch receptors
50
myocardium
heart muscle
51
myofibrils
any of the contractile threads found in striated muscle cells
52
myofilament
filaments of myofibrils, constructed from poteins, myosin or actin
53
myosin
motor proteins known for their role in muscle contraction
54
neuromuscular junction
synapse between motor neuron on muscle fiber
55
PNS
rest and digest
56
perimysium
connective tissue covering a bundle of muscle fibers
57
pleura
a membrane that covers the surfact of your lungs and inside your chest wall
58
pleural pressure
the pressure surrounding the lung within the pleural space
59
power stroke
mechanism for myosin movement along actin filaments
60
proprietor
a sensory receptor
61
proximal
closer to the center of the body
62
pulmonary valve
the valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
63
purkinje fibers
fibers that receive and signals originating at the atrioventricular node
64
P wave
depolarization of the atria
65
QRS complex
represents ventricular depolarization
66
red blood cell
cells made in bone marrow and found in blood, transports oxygen and remove co2
67
repolarization
change in membrane potential that returns it to a negative value after depolarization
68
sarcolemma
cell membrane which surrounds striated muscle fiber cells
69
sarcomere
complicated unit of striated muscle tissue
70
sarcoplasm
cytoplasm of striated muscle cells
71
sarcoplasmic reticulum
found in muscle cells, stores calcium ions
72
semilunar valves
the valve found between ventricles and arteries
73
SA node
controls heart rhythm
74
sliding filament theory
the theory that muscles contract due to actin and myosin binding together and myosin contracting
75
slow twitch fiber
muscle fibers with a slow twitch time (type 1)
76
superior
referring to something above in anatomical position
77
sympathetic nervous system
fight or flight
78
synovial fluid
fluid found in cavaties in synovial joints
79
synovial joints
joints in a cavity filled with fluid (limb joints)
80
systole
period of contraction of the ventricles
81
tachycardia
fast heart beat
82
tendon
attaches muscle to bone
83
tetanus
when the relaxation phase diasppears and contractions become continuous
84
trachea
your windpipe
85
tricuspid valve
allows blood to flow from right atrium to right ventricle
86
tropomyosin
a protein that wraps around actin and prevents myosin from grabbing it, this prevents muscle contractions until the proper signal arrives
87
troponin
a group of proteins that regulate contractions of the heart and skeletal muscles
88
t tubule
extensions of the cell membrane that penetrate into the center of the skeletal and cardiac muscle cells
89
t wave
repolarization of the ventricles
90
twitch
an isolated contraction in a muscle fiber caused by an action potential
91
type 1 fiber
slow twitch fibers, don''t tire quickly but dont produce much force
92
type 2a
a combination of type 1 and 2x
93
type 2x
create most force but very inefficient
94
uniaxial joints
rotate along one axis
95
vein
low pressure blood carries, carries blood back to heart
96
venous system
the system that transports blood back to the heart
97
ventricle
bottom chambers of the heart
98
venule
small vein
99
vertebral column
spine
100
z line
middle of the I band

CSCS (1 decks)

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