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Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 factors that explain increasing or decreasing of the population?

A

1) birth rate
2) death rate
3) immigration
4) emmigration

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2
Q

What are the 3 ways we can measure population size?

A

1) Counting individuals to get an exact number.
2) Counting by random sample area to get an estimation.
3) Mark and recapture with a cage or net and tags.

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3
Q

What is the calculation of population density?

A

Number of individuals/Area or Volume occupied

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4
Q

What are the two types of population density?

A

1) Sparse

2) Dense

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5
Q

What is the definition of sparse density?

A

Sparse density is low density, so there are not a lot of individuals.

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6
Q

What is a dense population?

A

Dense population is high density, so there are a lot of individuals.

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7
Q

What are the 5 factors that influence population density?

A

1) Climate
2) Access to food and water
3) Predators
4) Human influence
5) Disease and parasites

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8
Q

What is population distribution?

A

How individuals are dispersed in their habitat.

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9
Q

What are 3 types of population distribution?

A

1) Clamped distribution
2) Uniform distribution
3) Random distribution

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10
Q

What is a clamped distribution?

Give an example.

A

Individuals grouped together in clusters.

ex: School fish

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11
Q

What is a uniform distribution of population?

A

Uniform distribution has a pattern.

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12
Q

What is random population distribution?

A

Random population distribution has no pattern.

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13
Q

What is an ecological factor?

A

An aspect of a habitat that affects an organism there.

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14
Q

What is a limiting factor?

A

An ecological factor which can cause a decrease of population density.

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15
Q

Give some examples of limiting factors.

A

1) Acces to food
2) Acces to water
3) Acces to shelter

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16
Q

What is biotic?

A

All the living components of the environment.

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17
Q

Give 3 examples of biotic things.

A

1- Animals
2- Plants
3- Bacteria

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18
Q

What is abitoic?

A

All non-living things in the environment.

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19
Q

Give 6 examples of abiotic components.

A 
1- Climate
2-Temperature
3- Air
4- Water
5- Radiation from the sun
6- Soil pH
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20
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

The variety of species in a community.

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21
Q

What are the 2 criteria to evaluate the biodiversity of a community?

A

1- Species richness

2- Relative abundance

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22
Q

What is species richness?

A

The quantity of species in a community.

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23
Q

What does a community with high species richness mean?

A

The community has a lot of species.

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24
Q

What does a community with low species richness mean?

Study These Flashcards
A

The community has a little bit of species.

25
What is the definition of relative abundance?
Relative abundance is the proportion of each species.
26
What does a high relative abundance of cats and low relative abundance of dogs in a community mean?
There are more cats than dogs in this community.
27
What does a low relative abundance of cats to dogs mean?
There are less cats than dogs in this community.
28
When is biodiversity at its highest?
There is a high biodiversity in a community when it is - rich in species - and has a high relative abundance
29
There are 1 dog, 1 cat, 2 mice, 1 bunny, 1 pig, 1 cow, 1 goat, 1 bat, and 1 rat in this pet store. What is the species richness? And what is the relative abundance?
The pet store has HIGH species richness. The pet store has LOW relative abundance
30
There are 65 kangaroos and 55 koalas in the shelter. What is the species richness? And what is the relative abundance?
The shelter has LOW species richness. The shelter has low HIGH relative abundance.
31
What are the 4 types of community interactions?
1- Competition 2- Predation 3- Mutualism 4- Commensalism
32
What is competition community interactions?
Intraspecific competition between the same species. Interspecific competition between different species.
33
Squirrels are stealing nuts from each other. What type of community interaction is this?
Intraspecific competition.
34
Squirrels and birds are fighting over seeds. What type of community interaction is this?
Interspecific competition.
35
Eagles are searching to kill and eat squirrels. What type of community interaction is this?
Predation The predators are the eagles. The prey are the squirrels.
36
Little birds eat the bugs from the hippos' skin. What type of community interaction between the birds and hippos is this?
Mutualism. The birds benefit because they are getting food (the bugs) The hippos benefit because the bugs from their skin are removed
37
The big tree is protecting the smaller tree from burning in too much sunlight. What type of community interaction is this?
Commensalism. Only the small tree is benefiting.
38
How many components are there in the Land Food Web?
There are 5 components of the Land Food Web. ``` 1- Producers 2- Primary consumers 3- Secondary consumers 4- Tertiary consumers 5- Decomposer ```
39
What are producers in the Land Food Web?
Plants which create organic matter for the food web.
40
What are primary consumers in the Land Food Web?
Squirrels, goats, cows, deer and other herbivores. Primary consumers eat plants, seeds, nuts, etc.
41
What are secondary consumers in the Land Food Web?
Golden eagle, foxes, snakes, frogs Secondary consumers eat primary consumers. (herbivores)
42
What are tertiary consumers in the Land Food Web?
Hawks, wolves, vultures. Tertiary consumers eat secondary consumers (carnivores)
43
Why are producers very important in the Food Web?
They transform inorganic matter into organic matter to create the energy that will flow in the Land Food Web.
44
Why are the decomposers very important in the Food Web?
Decomposers transform organic into inorganic matter for the plants to eat and use.
45
What are the producers of the Aquatic Food Web?
Algae
46
What are the primary consumers of the Aquatic Food Web?
Crabs, shrimp, herbivore fish, plankton Primary consumers eat plants.
47
What are secondary consumers of the Aquatic Food Web?
Lobster, whale sharks, carnivore fish Secondary consumers eat carnivores.
48
What are tertiary consumers of the Aquatic Food Web?
Large carnivore fish, Sharks, rays, dolphins, killer whales Tertiary consumers eat secondary consumers.
49
What are the 2 types of trophic relationships?
1- Organism respiration. 2- Energy entering the ecosystem Food Web.
50
What is the organism respiration trophic relationship?
Organism use oxygen to burn sugar to create energy and carbon dioxide.
51
What is Energy entrance into the ecosystem trophic relationship?
Plants do photosynthesis to create the energy that will flow from different consumers in the ecosystem Food Web.
52
What are the 3 types of ecosystem energy flow trophic relationships?
1- Producers that use inorganic matter and abitoic sources to produce energy in organic matter. 2- Consumers that obtain energy from eating organic matter and biotic sources. 3- Decomposers that break down organic matter of dead organisms into inorganic matter for the plants to use.
53
What do decomposers do?
Decomposers transform organic matter from dead organisms into inorganic matter to feed the plants.
54
What do producers do?
Producers use inorganic matter to create organic matter with energy.
55
What do consumers do?
Consumers eat organic matter to have energy.
56
What happens when a plant or animal dies?
Decomposers will transform the organic matter of the dead organisms into inorganic matter.
57
What is organic matter?
Matter that is alive like plants, bugs, and animals.
58
What is inorganic matter?
Material that is not alive like earth, vitamins, minerals.
59
What do plants to with inorganic matter?
Plants use and eat inorganic matter to produce organic matter with energy.

Earth science (1 decks)

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