Chapter 1

Question 1

What is chemistry?

Answer 1

The study of matter: their properties, the changes it undergoes, the energy that is associated with it.

Question 2

What is matter?

Answer 2

anything that has mass and volume is made up of matter

Question 3

What are some physical properties of matter? (3x)

Answer 3

What can be observed:

1. Melting point
2. electrical conductivity
3. density

Question 4

What is a physical change?

Answer 4

When a substance alters its physical properties but not its composition.

Question 5

What are some chemical properties of matter?

Answer 5

1. Flamability
2. Corosiveness
3. reactivity with other acids

Question 6

What is a chemical change (chemical reaction)?

Answer 6

When the composition of the matter is changed such as one sustance being converted into another.

Question 7

Define a solid:

Answer 7

A.It has low kinetic energy which causes a strong intermolecular force between atoms and molecule causing it to have a fixed shape .
B. The particles are close together and organized.

Question 8

Define a liquid:

Answer 8

A.It has low kinetic energy (larger than solid) which causes a weak intermolecular force between atoms and molecules causing it to confrom to the container.
B. The particles are close together but disorganized.

Question 9

Define a gas:

Answer 9

A. Has greater kinetic energy which causes a weak intermolecules force between atoms and molecules causing it to conform to the shape of the container.
B. Particles are far apart and disorganized.

Question 10

Define plasma:

Answer 10

A. very high kinetic energy which causes a weak intermolecular force. It behaves like a gas in that it has no volume and fills the entire container.
B. Particles are made of neutral atoms, ions, and electrons which are far apart and disorganized in the absence of electrical or magnetical field.

Question 11

What is energy?

Answer 11

The work done

Question 12

What is total energy?

Answer 12

Total energy= Ek+ Ep or Ek=Ep

Question 13

What is Ep?

Answer 13

Ep is potential or stored energy. Example: the gas you pump into the car has potential energy.

Question 14

What is Ek?

Answer 14

Ek is kinetic energy or work done. Example: moving an object

Question 15

How can a physical change caused by heating differ from a chemical change caused by heating?

Answer 15

Physical change done by heating can be reversed through cooling wheras chemical change done by heating can not be reversed unless done by chemical reactions.

Question 16

What is phylogistons theory?

Answer 16

Undectable substances called phylogistons are responsible for the combustion of material.

Question 17

Why does matter stop burning according to the phylogiston theory? What is the actual reason?

Answer 17

Phyogiston theory said that air attracts the phylogistons out. The actual reason is that oxygen is required for combustion.

Question 18

Why is there a mass gain according to the phylogiston theory? What is the actual reason?

Answer 18

Phylogistons theory said that it is because they had a negative mass but the actual reason is because of the weight of oxygen.

Question 19

Who overthrew the phylogiston theory?

Answer 19

Lavoisier who said that it was oxyegen for the reason for combustion and the added mass.

Question 20

What is the scientific method?

Answer 20

1. Observation
2. Hypothesis
3. Experiment
4. Theory
5. further experiments

OHETE
Old henry eats ten eggs

Question 21

What is the difference between temperature and heat?

Answer 21

Temperature is how hot or cold an object is wheras heat is the energy that flows from a high temperature object to low.