Chapter 1: An Orientation

Question 1

What is Anatomy?

Answer 1

The study of the structure and shape of the body, and their relationship to one another.

Question 2

What is Gross Anatomy?

Answer 2

Large, Easily Observable

Question 3

Microscopic Anatomy

Answer 3

too small to see with naked eye, microscop needed, cells and tissue

Question 4

Physiology

Answer 4

study of the body and how it works

Question 5

What are the six levels of structural organization?

Answer 5

1. atom
2. cells
3. tissues
4. organ
5. organ system
6. organism

Question 6

Integumentary System 
(what’s included and it’s function)

Answer 6

• hair, skin, nails

- waterproof, regulates body temperature through sweat, produces vitamin D, protects deeper tissue

Question 7

Skeletal System
(what’s included and it’s function)

Answer 7

• bones, cartilage, ligaments

- provide muscle attachment for movement, protects vital organs, site of blood cell formation, stores minerals

Question 8

Muscular System
(what’s included and it’s function)

Answer 8

• muscles and tendons

- produces movement of bones, produces heat through shivering

Question 9

Nervous System
(what’s included and it’s function)

Answer 9

• brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory receptors

- responds to change, change is detected through sensory receptors, sends messages to central nervous system

Question 10

Endocrine System 
(what’s included and it’s function)

Answer 10

• hormones
• growth, reproduction, nutrients
• secretes hormones into blood

Question 11

Cardiovascular System 
(what’s included and it’s function)

Answer 11

• heart, blood vessels
• heart pumps blood, vessels transport blood to tissues
• blood transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, hormones, and white blood cells

Question 12

Lymphatic System 
(what’s included and it’s function)

Answer 12

• lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, lymphoid organs

- returns leaked fluids to cardiovascular system, cleanses the blood, houses white blood cells

Question 13

Respiratory System 
(what’s included and it’s function)

Answer 13

• nasal passages, pharynx, bronchi, lungs, trachea, larynx, lungs
• gas exchange through lungs to supply body with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

Question 14

Digestive System 
(what’s included and it’s function)

Answer 14

• mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, rectum

- break down food, allows nutrients to be absorbed into blood, eliminates indigestible material as feces

Question 15

Urinary System 
(what’s included and it’s function)

Answer 15

• kidneys, ureters, blatter, urethra
• eliminates nitrogenous waste, maintains ph health, regulates water and electrolyte balance, helps regulate blood pressure
• water and electrolyte balance is released to blood pressure

Question 16

Reproductive System 
(what’s included and it’s function)

Answer 16

• testes (males), ovaries (female)

- produce offspring

Question 17

Maintaining Boundaries

Answer 17

keep insides inside, and outsides outside

Question 18

Necessary Life Functions

Answer 18

1. maintaining boundaries
2. movement
3. responsiveness
4. digestion
5. metabolism
6. excretion
7. reproduction
8. growth and repair

Question 19

Responsiveness

Answer 19

• ability to sense change and change

- nervous system

Question 20

Digestion

Answer 20

• ability to breakdown and absorb nutrients

Question 21

Metabolism

Answer 21

• all chemical reactions in the body

- breakdown complex molecules, build large molecules, produces energy (atp), regulated by hormones

Question 22

Excretion

Answer 22

eliminates waste from metabolic reactions through urine, feces, sweat