CHAPTER 1 anatomy + physiology Key Definitons Flashcards
(57 cards)
Musculoskeletal system
the name to describe the muscular and skeletal system working together
Articulating bones
bones that meet at a joint to enable movement
Flat bones
often quite large to protect vital organs
Long bones
enable gross movements
Short bones
finer controlled movements
Irregular bones
specifically shaped to protect
Synovial joint
an area of the body where two or more atriculating bones meet
Tendons
non-elastic cords that join muscle to bone
Bursae
a sac filled with liquid inside the joint to reduce friction between tendon and bone
Cartilage
a tough but flexible tissue that acts as a buffer between the bones to stop them rubbing together
Synovial fluid
a clear and slippery liquid that lubricates the joint and stops the bones rubbing together
Ligaments
bands of elastic fibre that attach bone to bone, keeping the joints stable by restricting movement
Synovial membrane
the lining inside the joint capsule that secrets synovial fluid
Joint capsule
tissue that stops synovial fluid from escaping and encloses, supports and holds the bones together
Extension
increase in the angle of bones at a joint
Flexion
decrease in the angle of bones at a joint
Abduction
movement of a bone or limb away from the midline of the body
Adduction
Movement of a bone or limb towards the midline of the body
Rotation
a circular movement around a joint, around an axis
Plantar flexion
movement at the ankle joint that points the toes
Dorsiflexion
movement at the ankle joint that flexes the foot upwards
Agonist (prime mover)
the muscles that contract to create movement
Antagonist
the muscles that relax to allow a movement to take place
Isotonic contraction
the muscle changes length when it contracts, resulting in limb movement
