Chapter 1 And 2

Question 1

How many chromosomes make up the human genome

Answer 1

46 chromosomes, 23 pairs

Question 2

how many autosome make up human genome

Answer 2

22 autosomes, one pair of sex chromosomes

Question 3

how many different chromosomes do male and females have

Answer 3

24 for male and 23 for female

Question 4

describe basic structure of DNA

Answer 4

5 carbon sugar, nitrogen base, and phosphate group
has complementary two strands

Question 5

function of DNA

Answer 5

carry chemical info that can transmit genetic info from daughter cell to next generation

Question 6

what two “arms” make up a chromosome

Answer 6

p (short )and q (long)

Question 7

what structures make up a chromosome

Answer 7

DNA and histone proteins

Question 8

what is difference of chromatin and chromosome

Answer 8

chromatin: loose, uncoiled form
chromosome: tightly wound, condensed form

Question 9

how to distinguish different chromosomes

Answer 9

by length, location of centromere and sequence content

Question 10

about how many genes make up human genome

Answer 10

20,000-25,000

Question 11

what is a gene

Answer 11

physical and functional unit of heredity

Question 12

human body cells carry how many copies _____

Answer 12

diploid - 2 copies of every gene

Question 13

what is exon

Answer 13

sequence of DNA that is expressed

Question 14

what is mitosis

Answer 14

somatic cell division where tissue regeneration 46 chrom and 23 pairs

Question 15

what state of cell cycle does the cell spend most of its life in

Answer 15

interphase

Question 16

what cells does meiosis occur in and what is it

Answer 16

happens in germline cells where formation of reproductive cells with 23 chromomes occurs

Question 17

what is chromosome segregation

Answer 17

process of distributing a copy of each chromosome to each daughter cell

Question 18

what does meiosis result in

Answer 18

4 haploid gametes

Question 19

what four structures are made up of repetitive DNA

Answer 19

centromere, Alu elements (insertion, disrupting, transcription), LINE elements (insertion, interrupting, and coding sequence), and telomeres

Question 20

distinct feature of meiosis is

Answer 20

recombination

Question 21

what is nondisjunction or chromosome missegregation

Answer 21

when homologous chromosomes fail to segregate to opposite poles

Question 22

crossing over is what

Answer 22

exchange of genetic information from non-sister chromatids