Chapter 1: Approaches to Psychology

Question 1

physiological

Answer 1

normal physical activities in an organism like breathing, eating, sleeping

Question 2

cognitive

Answer 2

conscious intellectual activity such as thinking, reasoning, remembering

Question 3

psychology

Answer 3

study of scientific behavior and mental processes

Question 4

theory

Answer 4

complex explanation based on findings from experiments

Question 5

basic vs. applied science

Answer 5

basic: goal to find out more about behavior
applied: goal to find ways to use what we already know to solve problems

Question 6

hypothesis

Answer 6

educated guess about a phenomenon, prediction

Question 7

structuralist

Answer 7

psychologist that studies the basic elements that make up conscious mental experiences

Question 8

functionalist

Answer 8

study how people or animals adapt to their environments, studies the function or actions of the conscious mind

Question 9

psychoanalyst

Answer 9

psychologist who studies how unconscious motives and conflicts determine human behavior, feelings, and thoughts

Question 10

behaviorist

Answer 10

psychologist who analyzes how organisms learn or modify their behavior based on events in the environment

Question 11

humanist

Answer 11

psychologist who believes that each person has freedom in directing his or her future ad achieving personal growth

Question 12

the scientific method

Answer 12

systematic method for studying something
using a hypothesis, experiment (collecting data), an analysis of the data to come up with your conclusion

Question 13

ethics in experiments

Answer 13

experiments with living creatures cannot cause harm, must give informed consent explaining potential dangers before starting, must have permission through a review board before beginning experiments on people/animals

Question 14

Pavlov

Answer 14

behaviorist, “pavlov’s dog”
-ring bell, give food, dog drools
-repeat a bunch of times
-ring bell, no food, dog still drools
-classical conditioning

Question 15

Freud

Answer 15

psychoanalyst, believed we develop through psychosexual stages, and our childhood events influence us, studied the conscious/subconscious

Question 16

Skinner

Answer 16

-behaviorist
-applied behavioral principals to the lab
-showed how you could change behavior by manipulating the environment

Question 17

Psychologists

Answer 17

scientist who studies the mind and behavior of humans and animals

Question 18

Psychiatry

Answer 18

a branch of medicine that deals with mental, emotional, or behavioral disorders

Question 19

some fields of psychology

Answer 19

school psychology, counseling, clinical, academia (teaching), business and government,

Question 20

applied science

Answer 20

discovering ways to use scientific findings to accomplish practical goals

Question 21

basic science

Answer 21

the pursuit of knowledge about natural phenomena for it’s own sake

Question 22

cognitivist

Answer 22

psychologist who studies how we process, store, retrieve, and use information and how thought processes influence our behavior

Question 23

developmental psychologist

Answer 23

psychologist who studies the emotional, cognitive, biological, personal, and social changes that occur as an individual matures

Question 24

educational psychologist

Answer 24

a psychologist who is concerned with helping students learn

Question 25

empirical

Answer 25

based on observation or experiment

Question 26

functionalist

Answer 26

psychologist who studies the actions of the conscious mind and the goals or purposes of behavior

Question 27

psychiatry

Answer 27

a branch of medicine that deals with mental, emotional, or behavioral disorders. An actual Doctor, can prescribe meds.

Question 28

psychology

Answer 28

the scientific study of behavior that is tested through scientific research

Question 28

structuralist

Answer 28

a psychologist who studies the basic elements that make up conscious mental experiences

Question 29

hypothesis

Answer 29

educated guess

Question 29

a psychologist who uses the results of sleep research to solve a patient's sleep problems is practicing

Answer 29

applied science

Question 30

Wundt's experiments are important because...

Answer 30

he was the first to use a systematic procedure to study human behavior

Question 31

James studied how people and animals adapt to their environment. He was a....

Answer 31

functionalist

Question 32

free association is a method most closely associated with what approach

Answer 32

psychoanalytic

Question 33

clinical psychologists differ from counseling psychologists because

Answer 33

they are more likely to diagnose and treat emotional disturbances than counseling psychologists

Question 34

psychobiologist

Answer 34

studies how organisms learn or modify their behavior based on their response to events in the environment

Question 35

someone who helps police by developing personality profiles of criminals is what branch?

Answer 35

forensic psychology

Question 36

T or F: understanding psychology can provide useful insights to behavior

Answer 36

True

Question 37

T or F: a goal of psychologists to predict behavior using accumulated knowledge about the ways humans act in various situations

Answer 37

True

Question 38

T or F: Applied science is the pursuit of knowledge for it's own sake

Question 39

T or F: John Locke established the first psychology laboratory

Answer 39

F

Question 40

T or F: the procedure of introspection led the way to the development and use of the scientific method in psychology

Answer 40

T

Question 41

Which processes are normal physical activities

Answer 41

physiological

Question 42

the use of experimental and mathematical techniques to formulate and test hypothesis is known as

Answer 42

scientific method

Question 43

theory

Answer 43

the end product of an experimental study

Question 44

a scientist engaged in basic science

Answer 44

discovers principles about human behavior

Question 45

how is psychology connected to natural sciences

Answer 45

it explores biological explanations for human behavior

Question 46

T or F: Freud is the founder of psychology

Answer 46

F

Question 47

T or F: Sir Francis Galton based his theory of inheritable traits on biographies

Answer 47

T

Question 48

T or F: psychologists who studied the function of consciousness became known as psychoanalysts

Answer 48

F

Question 49

T or F: BF skinner identified that ONLY punishment can cause changes in behavior

Answer 49

F

Question 50

T or F: humanistic psychologists such as Rollo May describe human nature as evolving and self directed

Answer 50

T

Question 51

Descartes proposed that

Answer 51

the mind and body are linked

Question 52

Kohler is associated with what kind of psychology?

Answer 52

Gestalt

Question 53

Who is the pioneer of psychoanalytic psychology

Answer 53

Freud

Question 54

Conditioning is most closely associated to what kind of psychology?

Answer 54

behaviorism

Question 55

humanism differs from behaviorism and psychoanalysis in that

Answer 55

it doesn't view humans as being controlled by external events or unconscious forces.