Chapter 1 Atomic Structure/ Separation Techniques

Question 1

What is an Element?

Answer 1

A substance made from one type of atom.

Question 2

What is a Compound?

Answer 2

A chemically bonded substance made from 2 or more types of atoms.

Question 3

What is a mixture?

Answer 3

A substance made from two or more types of atom that aren’t chemically bonded

Question 4

What is filtration used for?

Answer 4

To separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

Question 5

What is Crystallisation used for?

Answer 5

To separate a soluble solid from a liquid

Question 6

What is simple distillation used for?

Answer 6

To separate a liquid from a solid

Question 7

What is fractional distillation used for?

Answer 7

To separate a liquid from a liquid with different boiling points

Question 8

What processes does distillation use?

Answer 8

Evaporation and Condensation

Question 9

What is paper Chromatography used for?

Answer 9

To separate substances based on solubility

Question 10

What is the stationary phase?

Answer 10

The Chromatography paper

Question 11

What do atoms consist of?

Answer 11

Protons, Neutrons and Electrons

Question 12

What is the mass of a Proton?

Answer 12

1

Question 13

What is the mass of a Neutron

Answer 13

1

Question 14

What is the mass of an Electron?

Answer 14

1/2000 (negligible)

Question 15

What is the Atomic Number?

Answer 15

The number of protons in an atom. It is also Equal to the number of electrons

Question 16

What is the Mass number?

Answer 16

The mass of the atom. It is equal to the atomic number plus the number of neutrons.

Question 17

What are the characteristics of the Alkali metals?

Answer 17

• Soft
• 1 electron in the outer shell
• react quickly with water, oxygen and chlorine
• form +1 ions
• more reactive as you go down list

Question 18

Alkali metal + Water = ?

Answer 18

Metal hydroxide + hydrogen

Question 19

Alkali metals + Oxygen = ?

Answer 19

Metal Oxide

Question 20

What are the characteristics of the halogens?

Answer 20

• 7 electrons in outer shell
• form molecules with 2 atoms joined by a covalent bond
• less reactive as you go down list
• form -1 ions when reacted with metals

Question 21

What are the characteristics of the noble gases?

Answer 21

• Full outer shell
• unreactive
• boiling point decreases as you go down the list

Question 22

What are the characteristics of the transition metals?

Answer 22

• Hard and strong eg iron
• high melting points except for mercury
• can form ions with different positive charges
• form coloured compounds
• can be used as a catalyst

Question 23

What type of ions do metals form and why?

Answer 23

Positive because they lose electrons to gain a full outer shell

Question 24

What is an ion?

Answer 24

A charged atom. Occurs when electrons are lost or gained.

Question 25

What is an isotope?

Answer 25

Isotopes are atoms that are the same element but with different numbers of neutrons