Chapter 1: Atoms and Elements

Question 1

What causes compounds with the same number of an element to have different properties? (i.e. beef fat and olive oil having the same number of carbon atoms)

Answer 1

the difference in structure

Question 2

What are the steps of the scientific method?

Answer 2

observation, hypothesis, experiments, revision, and developing a theory

Question 3

What are all elements composed of?

Answer 3

Atoms

Question 4

What are the three parts of Dahlton’s Postulate?

Answer 4

1. Each element is composed of atoms
2. all atoms of the same element have the same properties and these properties differ between elements
3. Elements combine in simple, whole number ratios to form compounds

Question 5

What model did Thompson develop?

Answer 5

The plum pudding model

Question 6

What model did Rutherford develop?

Answer 6

The gold foil model

Question 7

Where is most of the mass of an atom located?

Answer 7

The nucleus (center)

Question 8

What is most of an atom’s volume composed of?

Answer 8

empty space containing the electrons

Question 9

What is the electric charge of an atom?

Answer 9

neutral

Question 10

What is the abbreviation for a proton?

Answer 10

p+

Question 11

What is the relative charge of a proton?

Answer 11

+1

Question 12

What is the mass of a proton?

Answer 12

1.67X10^-27

Question 13

Where are protons located?

Answer 13

in the nucleus

Question 14

What is the abbreviation for a neutron?

Answer 14

n0

Question 15

What is the relative charge of a neutron?

Answer 15

0

Question 16

What is the mass of a neutron?

Answer 16

1.67X10^-27

Question 17

Where are neutrons located?

Answer 17

in the nucleus

Question 18

What is the abbreviation for an electron?

Answer 18

e-

Question 19

What is the relative charge of an electron?

Answer 19

-1

Question 20

What is the mass of an electron?

Answer 20

-1

Question 21

Where are electrons located?

Answer 21

outside of the nucleus

Question 22

What is Z?

Answer 22

atomic number and number of protons

Question 23

what is A?

Answer 23

mass number (protons+neutrons)

Question 24

What is X?

Answer 24

the atomic symbol (letter(s))

Question 25

How do you calculate the mass number?

Answer 25

protons+neutrons

Question 26

What is group 1?

Answer 26

alkali metals

Question 27

What is group 2?

Answer 27

alkaline earth metals

Question 28

What is group 7?

Answer 28

halogens

Question 29

What are halogens called when they form ionic compounds?

Answer 29

halides

Question 30

What is group 8?

Answer 30

noble gases

Question 31

What are the three categories of elements called?

Answer 31

metals, non-metals, and metalloids

Question 32

What are the three regions of the period table called?

Answer 32

main-group, transition metals, and the lanthanide actinide series

Question 33

All atoms of the same element have the same number of what?

Answer 33

protons

Question 34

Not all atoms of the same element have the same number of what?

Answer 34

neutrons

Question 35

What is an isotope?

Answer 35

atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

Question 36

What is atomic mass not equal to?

Answer 36

the mass number (A)

Question 37

What is the atomic mass?

Answer 37

the weighted average of all naturally occurring isotopes of an element

Question 38

What does AMU stand for?

Answer 38

atomic mass units

Question 39

How do you calculate the atomic mass?

Answer 39

%abundance of isotope 1 (mass of isotope 1) + %abundance of isotope 2 (mass of isotope 2) .....

Question 40

How many sig. digits are in 1.2430?

Answer 40

5

Question 41

How many sig. digits are in 0.0002?

Answer 41

1

Question 42

Which has more force: objects 2 cm apart or objects 4 cm apart?

Answer 42

objects 2 cm apart

Question 43

Which has more force: objects with charges of 2 and 1 or objects with charges of 1 and 1?

Answer 43

objects with charges of 2 and 1

Question 44

What is matter?

Answer 44

anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 45

Opposite charges are _____ to each other

Answer 45

attracted

Question 46

Like charges _____ each other

Answer 46

repell

Question 47

The larger the charge, the ____ the interaction

Answer 47

stronger

Question 48

The closer together, the ____ the intereaction

Answer 48

stronger

Question 49

Opposite charges ____ each other out

Answer 49

cancel

Question 50

What is contained in the nucleus of an atom?

Answer 50

neutrons and protons

Question 51

The nucleus accounts for almost all of the ____ of an atom

Answer 51

mass

Question 52

The nucleus only accounts for a tiny amount of the ____ of an atom

Answer 52

volume

Question 53

When the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons, the charge of the atom is ____

Answer 53

neutral

Question 54

What are the letters used to identify an element called?

Answer 54

the chemical symbol

Question 55

What are the vertical columns of the periodic table called?

Answer 55

groups

Question 56

What are the horizontal rows of the periodic table called?

Answer 56

periods

Question 57

Elements in the same group have the same _____

Answer 57

properties

Question 58

The mass number is equal to _____+______

Answer 58

protons, neutrons

Question 59

What are nucleons?

Answer 59

protons and neutrons collectively together

Question 60

What is the equation for atomic mass?

Answer 60

A=m1p1+m2p2.....

Question 61

``` Which of the following shows cancelled charges? A. 10+ 10- B. 20+ 21- C. 15+ 18- D. 16+ 13- ```

Answer 61

A

Question 62

A neutral atom contains the same number of protons and _____

Answer 62

electrons

Question 63

The number of _____ does not affect the charge of an atom

Answer 63

neutrons

Question 64

In a ____ atom, the number of electrons always equals the number of protons

Answer 64

neutral

Question 65

A ____ is the smallest identifiable piece of an element and has the same properties as the element

Answer 65

atom

Question 66

Which isotope has the higher abundance: A. NI-58 or Ni-60 B. K-39 or K-41 C. Fe-54 or Fe-56

Answer 66

A. Ni-58 B. K-39 C. Fe-56