Chapter 1-Atoms in the eyes of philosophers

Question 1

The 4 properties of elements that are imparted by different proportions

Answer 1

Fire, air, wind and earth

Question 2

Aristotle disproved the idea of having only 4 elements and decided to create a fifth element. From which philosopher did he disprove the idea of having 4 elements and what was the 5th element?

Answer 2

Empedocles.

Aether or ether.

Question 3

All matters are composed of very small particles called atoms. Who was the Philosopher that supported the idea of the Particle theory?

Answer 3

Democritus

Question 4

What does the Greek word “atomos” mean?

Answer 4

Atoms, duhh ay joke INDIVISIBLE pala

Question 5

Was Democritus supported by the experiment? Yes or no?

Answer 5

Nope.

Question 6

This philosopher said that “all matter is continuous and can be infinitely divided into smaller pieces”.

Answer 6

ARISTOTLE

Question 7

What law did Joseph proust propose? Also, state the law

Answer 7

Proposed: Law of definite proportions
States: a given chemical compound always contains its component elements in fixed ratio (by weight)

Question 8

Law of proportions

Answer 8

The ratio is the masses of the second element combined with a certain mass of the first element is always a ratio of small whole numbers.

Question 9

Who came up with the law of proportions? And what did it trigger?

Answer 9

John dalton bc he came up with a theory that signaled the beginning of a modern era in chemistry.

2 or more diff compounds are composed of the same 2 element.

Question 10

What was the first part of dalton’s atomic theory?

Answer 10

1. Elements are made up of small indivisible particles called atoms

Question 11

What are atoms composed of?

Answer 11

Protons, neutrons and electrons

Question 12

T or F. Atoms are visible

Answer 12

False; divisible

Question 13

What was the second part of dalton’s theory?

Answer 13

2. The mass and other properties of all atoms are the same.

-Atoms of different elements differ in mass & other properties
> was unacceptable bc of isotopes
>atoms has the same element but different mass number

Question 14

What was the third part of dalton’s theory?

Answer 14

3. Compounds are composed of atoms of more than one element.

-Constituent atoms are present in the constant whole no. ratio.
>this third postulate also supports the findings of Joseph Proust
> dis also supports the LAW OF MULTIPLE PROPORTIONS

Question 15

What is an isotope?

Answer 15

Mh

Question 16

What was the fourth part of dalton’s theory?

Answer 16

4. In a chem reaction, atoms are neither created no destroyed.
   - they combine, separate or rearrange

Question 17

Mass is neither added nor destroyed during a chemical reaction

Answer 17

LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS

Question 18

He arranged the known elements in a periodic table based on their atomic masses

Answer 18

DIMITRI MENDELEEV

Question 19

The tiniest particle of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element

Answer 19

Atom

Question 20

T or F.

All atoms are made up of the nucleus and the electrons

Answer 20

True

Question 21

What is composed of protons and neutrons located at the center of an atom?

Answer 21

A nucleus

Question 22

Nucleons.

Answer 22

Idek

Question 23

Who discovered the x-ray in 1895?

Answer 23

Wilhelm Röntgen

Question 24

He accidentally learned that the darkening of the tricky wrapped photographic plates occurs after exposing then to a uranium compound.

Answer 24

Antoine Becquerel

Question 25

Who proposed the term “radioactivity” to describe the ability of a material to undergo spontaneous emission of particles or radiation?

Answer 25

Marie Curie

Question 26

What are the 3 types of rays produced by radioactive decay of material?

Answer 26

Alpha, beta and gamma rays

Question 27

It consists of positively charged particles

Answer 27

Alpha Particle

Question 28

What are the alpha rays composed of?

Answer 28

• Alpha particles (+ charged particles)

- also is deflected by a + charged plate

Question 29

High-energy electrons

Answer 29

Beta particles

Question 30

What are the beta rays composed of?

Answer 30

• beta particles (high energy electrons)

- deflected by a negatively charged plate

Question 31

Has no charge and isn’t affected by external electric or magnetic field

Answer 31

Gamma rays

Question 32

J J Thomson

Answer 32

• discovered the electron

- proposed the “PLUM PUDDING” model of an atom

Question 33

What does the plum pudding do? And what are its compositions?

Answer 33

-it illustrated negatively charged electrons (da plum)