chapter 1 basic concepts and hydrocarbons Flashcards
(20 cards)
Nomenclature
naming system for compounds
homologous series
series of organic compounds that have the same functional group with successive members differing by CH2
aliphatic hydrocarbon
hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined in straight or branched chains
alicyclic hydrocarbon
hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in a ring structure
aromatic hydrocarbons
contain at least one benzene ring
saturated
compounds have only single bonds
functional group
group of atoms that is responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of a compound
general formula
simplest algebraic formula for a homologous series
displayed formula
show the relative positions of atoms and the bonds between them
structural formula
provides the minimum detail for the arrangement of atoms in a molecule
skeletal formula
simplified structural formula drawn by removing hydrogen atoms from alkyl chains
unsaturated
organic chemicals contain at least one carbon-carbon double covalent bond
hydrocarbons
compounds that contain only hydrogen atoms and carbon atoms
saturated
organic compounds contain only single covalent bonds
molecular formula
shows the numbers and type of the atoms of each element in a compound
structural isomers
compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae
functional group
group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a compound
stereoisomers
organic compounds with the same molecular formula and structural formula
but having different arrangements of atoms in space
Cis-trans isomerism
type of E/Z isomerism in which the two substituent groups attached to both carbon atoms of the c=c bond are the same
E/Z isomerism
type of stereoisomerism caused by the restricted rotation around the double bond- two different groups are attached to both carbon atoms of the C=C double bond
