Chapter 1 Basic Pharmacology

Question 0

adverse effect

Answer 0

Are undesired potentially harmful side effects of drugs; include, nausea, vomiting, drug toxicity, hypersensitivity, and idiosyncratic (unusual reactions). Page 19

Question 1

absorption

Answer 1

Is the process by which a drug is taken into the body and moves from the site of administration into the blood. Page 14

Question 2

agonist

Answer 2

Are drugs that bind to or have an affinity (attraction) for a receptor and cause particular response. This can be compared to the analogy of a key opening a lock. Page 17

Question 3

antagonist

Answer 3

Drugs that bind to a receptor and prevent a response. Also called receptor blockers. Can be thought of a key that fits the lock but can not open it (cause a response). Pg. 17

Question 4

bioavailability

Answer 4

Indicates the degree to which the drug molecule reaches the site of action to exert its effects. Several factors affect a drug’s bioavailability… See page 15 for more information.

Question 5

biotechnology

Answer 5

Is used to refer to the concepts of genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technology. Pg. 14

Question 6

biotransformation

Answer 6

In the liver, the chemical composition of a drug is changed by a process called metabolism. The goal is to change lipid-soluble drug molecules into water-soluble molecules that can be easily excreted. Pg. 14

Question 7

bolus

Answer 7

Drugs given all at once. Pg. 13

Question 8

contraindiction

Answer 8

Reasons against giving a particular drug. Pg. 18

Question 9

distribution

Answer 9

Drug molecules eventually diffuse out of the blood-stream to the site of action.

Question 10

duration

Answer 10

Time between onset an disappearance of drug effects. Pg. 18

Question 11

emulsion

Answer 11

Type of liquid medication, which is contained in a mixture of water and oil bound together with an emulsifier. Can be either water in oil or oil in water, depending on medication’s solubility.

Question 12

enteral

Answer 12

Indicates that the medication is taken into the gastrointestinal tract, primarily by mouth (orally).

Question 13

excretion

Answer 13

Medications taken into the body are eliminated by this process.

Question 14

hypersensitivity

Answer 14

Is an adverse effect resulting from previous exposure to the drug or a similar drug.

Question 15

Idiosyncratic effect

Answer 15

Another type of adverse effect. These effects are rare am unpredictable adverse reactions to drugs.

Question 16

local effect

Answer 16

Some medications are available in topical preparations, which are intended for application to the skin or mucous membrane-lined cavity. Some topical agents work at the site of application.

Question 17

onset

Answer 17

The time between administration of a drug and the first appearance of its effects.

Question 18

parenteral

Answer 18

Indicates any route other than the digestive tract, the most common of which are subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous.

Question 19

pharmacodynamics

Answer 19

Examines how the action of the drug affects the body.

Question 20

pharmacokinetics

Answer 20

Focuses on how the body processes drugs. Studies a medication from administration through four basic physiologic processes- absorption, distribution, biotransformation, and excretion.

Question 21

plasma protein binding

Answer 21

Some drug molecules bind to protein (albumins and globulins) contained in the plasma.

Question 22

reconstituted

Answer 22

To form a solution that can be administered by injection.

Question 23

side effect

Answer 23

Is a predictable but unintended effect of a drug.

Question 24

solubility

Answer 24

Its ability to be dissolved

Question 25

solution

Answer 25

Is a mixture of drug particles (called solute) fully dissolved in a liquid medium ( called the solvent such as water or saline).

Question 26

tolerance

Answer 26

A phenomenon in which the body has decreased responsiveness to a medication through repeated exposure to the agent.

Question 27

tachyphylaxsis

Answer 27

Unique situation in which tolerance may occur after only one or two doses. Can develop very quickly, cannot be reproduced, even with a larger dose.

Question 28

drug dependence

Answer 28

A physiological and psychological compulsion to take a drug periodically or continuously, despite its negative or dangerous effects.

Question 29

H&P

Answer 29

History and physical

Question 30

suspension

Answer 30

Form in which solid undissolved particles float (are suspended) in a liquid.

Question 31

synergist

Answer 31

Drug that enhances the effect of another drug

Question 32

systemic effect

Answer 32

Topical medications that exert throughout the entire body.

Question 33

topical

Answer 33

Medications applies to the ski. Surface or mucous membrane-lined cavity