Chapter 1: Bio Fundamentals

Question 1

Define Anatomy and Physiology.

Answer 1

Anatomy is the study of structure. Physiology is the study of how body parts function

Question 2

What are the six levels of structural organization? Give examples

Answer 2

1. Chemical (Oxygen)
2. Cellular (Blood cell)
3. Tissue (Connective)
4. Organ (Liver)
5. Organ system (Digestive system)
6. Organismal (Person)

Question 3

Define Metabolism

Answer 3

A biochemical process that converts food into energy

Question 4

Define Homeostasis

Answer 4

A condition of balance in the body’s internal environment maintained by regulatory processes

Question 5

Define interstitial fluid

Answer 5

Fluid found between cells in a tissue

Question 6

How do feedback systems maintain homeostasis?

Answer 6

1. Receptor monitors changes and sends an input
2. Control center evaluates the input and generates an output
3. Effector receives output and produces a response

Question 7

What is negative feedback?

Answer 7

Continues feedback loop until a “set point” is reached

Question 8

What is positive feedback?

Answer 8

Continues feedback loop until external mechanism interrupts cycle

Question 9

What are possible outcomes of homeostatic imbalance?

Answer 9

Can result in disease, disorder, or death

Question 10

What is anatomical position and why is it important?

Answer 10

A standardized method of observing that allows for consistent anatomical reference.

Question 11

Forearm

Answer 11

Antebrachial

Answer 12

Antecubital

Answer 13

Axillary

Answer 14

Brachial

Answer 15

Calcaneal

Answer 16

Carpal

Answer 17

Cephalic

Question 18

Neck

Answer 18

Cervical

Answer 19

Coxal

Answer 20

Digital

Answer 21

femoral

Answer 22

Frontal

Answer 23

Gluteal

Answer 24

Inguinal

Answer 25

Lumbar

Answer 26

Mammary

Answer 27

Nasal

Answer 28

Occipital

Answer 29

Orbital

Answer 30

Patellar

Answer 31

Pectoral

Answer 32

Popliteal

Answer 33

Pubic

Answer 34

Sacral

Answer 35

Tarsal

Answer 36

Thoracic

Answer 37

Vertebral

Question 38

Dorsal

Answer 38

Backside

Question 39

Ventral

Answer 39

Frontside

Question 40

Superior

Answer 40

Toward head or upper part

Question 41

Inferior

Answer 41

Away from head or lower part

Question 42

Anterior

Answer 42

Forward facing/front of body

Question 43

Posterior

Answer 43

Backward facing/back of body

Question 44

Medial

Question 45

Lateral

Question 46

Superficial

Question 47

Deep

Question 48

Proximal

Question 49

Distal

Question 50

Midsagittal plane

Question 51

Parasagittal plane

Question 52

Frontal plane

Question 53

Transverse plane

Question 54

Describe location, subdivision, and list major organs of cranial cavity

Question 55

Describe location, subdivision, and list major organs of vertebral cavity

Question 56

Describe location, subdivision, and list major organs of thoracic cavity

Question 57

Describe location, subdivision, and list major organs of abdominopelvic cavity