Chapter 1 - Biology and the Tree of Life

Question 0

Hypothesis

Answer 0

A testable statement to explain phenomenon or a set of observations.

Question 1

What are the 5 characteristics of life?

Answer 1

Energy
Cells
Information
Replication
Evolution

Question 2

Theory

Answer 2

An explanation for a very general class of phenomena or observations that are supported by a wide body of evidence.

Question 3

Cell

Answer 3

A highly organized compartment that is bounded by a plasma membrane and contains concentrated chemicals in an aqueous solution.

Question 4

2 Components of Scientific Theories

Answer 4

1. Describes a pattern in the natural world

2. Identifies a mechanism or process that is responsible for creating the pattern

Question 5

Cell Theory

Answer 5

All organisms are made of cells, all cells come from preexisting cells.

Question 6

(Experimental) Prediction

Answer 6

Describes a measurable or observable result that must be correct if a hypothesis is valid.

Question 7

Why was Pasteur’s set up effective?

Answer 7

He only changed one variable

Question 8

Descent with modification

Answer 8

Characteristics of species can be modified from generation to generation

Question 9

2 claims of evokution

Answer 9

1. Species are related by common ancestry

2. decent with modification

Question 10

Evolution

Answer 10

A change in the characteristics if a population over time.

Question 11

Natural Selection Explains…

Answer 11

…how evolution occurs

Question 12

2 Conditions of Natural Selection

Answer 12

1. Individuals within a population vary in characteristics that are heritable
2. In a particular environment, certain versions of these heritable traits help individuals survive better or reproduce more than other versions.

Question 13

Heritable

Answer 13

Traits that can be passed on to offspring

Question 14

Population

Answer 14

A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at the same time

Question 15

Natural Selection acts on:

Evolution Acts on:

Answer 15

Individuals

Populations

Question 16

Artificial Selection

Answer 16

Humans select certain individuals to produce the most offspring

Question 17

Evolution occurs when…

Answer 17

…heritable variation leads to differential success in reproduction

Question 18

Fitness

Answer 18

The ability of an individual to produce offspring. More fit = More offspring

Question 19

Adaptation

Answer 19

A trait that increases the fitness of an individual in a particular environment.

Question 20

2 Unifying ideas of evolution and cell theory

Answer 20

1. The cell is the fundamental structural unit in all organisms
2. All species are related by common ancestry and have changed over time in response to natural selection

Question 21

Speciation

Answer 21

The evolution of two or more distinct species from a single ancestral species.

Question 22

Tree of life

Answer 22

A family tree of organisms

Question 23

Phlogeny

Answer 23

The genealogical relationships between species

Question 24

4 Letters for ribonucleotides

Answer 24

AUCG

Question 25

LUCA

Answer 25

Last Universal Common Ancestor (of cells)

Question 26

3 Types of Organisms

Answer 26

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

Question 27

All Eukaryotes have:

Answer 27

A Nucleus

Question 28

Most Prokaryotes do not have...

Answer 28

...a nucleus

Question 29

Most prokaryotes have many/one cell(s).

Answer 29

One

Question 30

Most eukaryote have many/one cell(s).

Answer 30

Many

Question 31

Taxonomy

Answer 31

The effort to name and classify organisms

Question 32

Taxon (plural taxa)

Answer 32

A named group of organisms

Question 33

The three fundamental groups make up 3...

Answer 33

Domains

Question 34

Phylum (plural phyla)

Answer 34

Major lines within a domain

Question 35

Genus

Answer 35

A group of closely related species

Question 36

Species

Answer 36

Evolutionarily independent population or group of populations.

Question 37

Scientific name

Answer 37

an organisms genus and species

Question 38

Why are experiments powerful scientific tools?

Answer 38

Experiments allow researchers to test the effect of a single, well-defined factor on a particular phenomenon

Question 39

Null Hypothesis specifies

Answer 39

What should be observed when the hypothesis being tested isn't correct.