Chapter 1 - Bonding And Isomerism (w/ Functional Groups)

Question 1

Deal only with substances obtained from living matter

Answer 1

Organic Chemistry

Question 2

proved that organic compounds can
be synthesized in the laboratory

Answer 2

Friedrich Wohler

Question 3

Smallest particle of an element that retains all chemical properties of that element

Answer 3

Atoms

Question 4

Characteristics of a nucleus (2)

Answer 4

1. Positively-charged
2. Contains most of the mass of the atom

Question 5

Location of protons and neutrons

Answer 5

Nucleus

Question 6

Location of electrons

Answer 6

Electron cloud

Question 7

Same number of protons but different number of neutrons and nuclear decay processes

Answer 7

Isotopes

Question 8

Equation for Mass Number

Answer 8

of protons (Z) + # of neutrons

Question 9

G.N. Lewis developed this as one of the earliest successful pictures of chemical bonding

Answer 9

Octet Rule

Question 10

What is the noble gas electron configuration?

Answer 10

8 valence shell electrons in 4 orbitals

Question 11

Form between a metal form the left of periodic table and a nonmetal from the right

Answer 11

Ionic Bonding

Question 12

Minimum amount of energy required to remove an electron

Answer 12

Ionization energy

Question 13

Amount of energy released when an electron is added

Answer 13

Electron Affinity

Question 14

What happens to the attractive forces and repulsive forces in ionic bonding?

Answer 14

1. Attractive forces between ions of opposite charges are maximized.
2. Repulsive forces between like charges are minimized.

Question 15

Bonding that shares electrons between two nonmetals, or metalloid to nonmetal

Answer 15

Covalent Bonding

Question 16

Simplest example of Covalent Bonding

Answer 16

H2

Question 17

True or False: The more e- pairs that atoms share the closer the atoms are pulled together

Answer 17

True
(Triple bond < double bond < single bond)

Question 18

True or False: Carbon is either strongly electropositive nor strongly electronegative

Answer 18

False
(It is neither)

Question 19

Ability of an element to form chains of its own atoms through covalent bonding

Answer 19

Catenation

Question 20

Molecular fragment with an odd number of unshared electrons

Answer 20

Radical

Question 21

Ability of an atom to attract bonding e to itself

Answer 21

Electronegativity

Question 22

Electron pair is not shared equally between two atoms

Answer 22

Polar Covalent Bonds

Question 23

True or False: Electronegativity of elements increases from left to right across the period, and from bottom to top within a group

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Number of bonds that an atom of the element can form

Answer 24

Valence

Question 25

Type of chain where atoms are bonded one after another

Answer 25

Continuous chain

Question 26

Type of chain where some atoms form branches from the longest continuous chain

Answer 26

Branched chain

Question 27

True or False: As the number of C increases, the number of possible isomers decreases

Answer 27

False (Number of possible isomers also increases)

Question 28

Symbols used to show how electron pairs can be moved to convert one structure to another

Answer 28

Curved arrows (for Resonance)

Question 29

An orbital with a spherical shape where it gets larger in size as the shell number increases

Answer 29

S orbital

Question 30

An orbital that has a dumbbell shape, mutually perpendicular, oriented along x, y, and z axes

Answer 30

P orbital

Question 31

o no rings o may be branched or unbranched

Answer 31

Acyclic

Question 32

o contain rings of carbon atoms o smallest possible ring has 3 carbon atoms o ringscomeinmanysizesandshapes o may have carbon atoms attached to them and may contain multiple bonds

Answer 32

Carbocyclic

Question 33

o have rings containing at least one atom that is not carbon nor hydrogen o largest class of molecular frameworks

Answer 33

Heterocyclic

Question 34

Acyclic, Carbocyclic, or Heterocyclic: Pentane and Neopentane

Answer 34

Acyclic

Question 35

Acyclic, Carbocyclic, or Heterocyclic: Five- and six-membered rings

Answer 35

Carbocyclic

Question 36

Acyclic, Carbocyclic, or Heterocyclic: Oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur

Answer 36

Heterocyclic

Question 37

True or False: There is no functional group in alkane

Answer 37

True

Question 38

Functional group with carbon-oxygen single bonds

Answer 38

Alcohol and Ether

Question 39

Functional groups with carbon-oxygen double bonds (2)

Answer 39

Aldehyde and Ketone

Question 40

Functional groups with single and double carbon-oxygen bonds (2)

Answer 40

Carboxylic acid and Ester

Question 41

Functional groups containing nitrogen (2)

Answer 41

Primary Amine and Nitrile

Question 42

Functional group with oxygen and nitrogen

Answer 42

Amide

Question 43

Functional group with halogen

Answer 43

Alkyl or aryl halide

Question 44

Functional groups containing sulfur (2)

Answer 44

Thiol and thioester

Question 45

Functional group that contains a hydrogen atom directly bonded to the carbonyl carbon

Answer 45

Aldehyde

Question 46

Functional group that contains an OH group directly bonded to the carbonyl carbon

Answer 46

Carboxylic acid

Question 47

Functional group that contains an OR group directly bonded to the carbonyl carbon

Answer 47

Ester