Chapter 1 Book

Question 1

Child Development

Answer 1

understanding constancy and change from conception to adolescence

Question 2

Chronosystem

Answer 2

temporary changes in environment that result in new conditions affecting development

Question 3

Clinical interview

Answer 3

flexible conversational style to understand point of view

Question 4

case study (clinical method)

Answer 4

to get complete picture

Question 5

Cognitive developmental theory

Answer 5

PIAGET - cognitive development takes place in stages, children construct their own knowledge

Question 6

Cohort effects

Answer 6

cultural-historical change, based on one cohort

Question 7

Cohort

Answer 7

individuals developing in same time period that are influences on particular historical and cultural conditions

Question 8

Confounding variable

Answer 8

variable that gets confused with independent variable

Question 9

Context

Answer 9

combinations of personal and environmental circumstances that end in different paths of change

Question 10

Continuous develoment

Answer 10

development is a process, building on to eachother

Question 11

correlation coefficient

Answer 11

correlation from 1 to -1

Question 12

correlational design

Answer 12

gathers information without changing their experiences, no inferences about cause and effect

Question 13

cross-sectional desgin

Answer 13

participants of different ages studied at same time

Question 14

Developmental cognitive neuroscience

Answer 14

psych, bio, neuroscience, and medicine to study relationship in brain

Question 15

developmental science

Answer 15

study of all changes humans experience in lifespan

Question 16

discontinuous development

Answer 16

process in ways of understanding and responding to the world at a specific time

Question 17

dynamic systems perspective

Answer 17

mind, body, physical, social world is a system. a change in one leads to change

Question 18

Ecological systems theory

Answer 18

BROFENBRENNER - child develops within a complex system

Question 19

Ethnography

Answer 19

attempt to understand culture

Question 20

Ethology

Answer 20

adaptive, survival, value of behavior and evolutionary history

Question 21

Exosystem

Answer 21

social settings that do not contain children but affect their experiences - ex: parents work place

Question 22

Information processing

Answer 22

human mind as a symbol-manipulating system that flows and is a continuous process

Question 23

longitudinal design

Answer 23

follows a child over different ages

Question 24

Macrosystem

Answer 24

outermost level of environment, cultural values, laws

Question 25

Maturation

Answer 25

genetically determined, naturally unfolding course of growth

Question 26

Mesosystem

Answer 26

immediate settings

Question 27

Microsystem

Answer 27

innermost level, activites and interaction patterns

Question 28

naturalistic observation

Answer 28

researcher goes into the natural environment

Question 29

Nature-nuture controversy

Answer 29

debate about whether genetic or environmental factors are more important

Question 30

Normative approach

Answer 30

measures of behavior are taken on large number of age related people, and averages are found

Question 31

Plasticity

Answer 31

openness of human development to change in response to influential experiences

Question 32

Psychoanalyitc persepctive

Answer 32

FREUD - children move through a series, how conflicts are resolved determines ability to learn

Question 33

Psychosexual theory

Answer 33

FREUD - how parents manage children's sexual and aggressive drives in first few years

Question 34

Psychosocial theory

Answer 34

ERIKSON - at each stage individuals develop a personality, attitude, and skill, to help them become members of society

Question 35

Resilience

Answer 35

ability to adapt

Question 36

Sensitive period

Answer 36

time that is biologically optimal for certain things to emerge - especially environmental influences

Question 37

Sequential design

Answer 37

conducted at varying times

Question 38

social learning theory

Answer 38

emphasizes modeling and imitation for development

Question 39

Sociocultural theory

Answer 39

VYGOTSKY - how children learn to think and behave that make up community

Question 40

stage

Answer 40

qualitative change in thinking, feeling, behaving, that shows period of development - think what stage they are in

Question 41

Structured interview

Answer 41

each person asked same thing in same way

Question 42

Theory

Answer 42

orderly, integrated set of statements that describes, explains, and predicts behavior