Chapter 1: Cell structure Flashcards

1
Q

Magnification definition

A

the number of times larger the drawing is when compared with the actual size of the specimen

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2
Q

Magnification equation

A

Size of drawing / size of specimen

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3
Q

Resolution definition

A

The shortest distance between two points that can be distinguished as being separate

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4
Q

Cell surface membrane structure and function

A
  • composed of phospholipids and protein
  • partially permeable
  • controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell; allows cells to interact with each other and to respond to signals from outside the cell
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5
Q

Nucleus structure and function

A

Contains the hereditary material (DNA) coding for the synthesis of proteins in the cytoplasm
-surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope

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6
Q

Nucleolus structure and function

A

Synthesises ribosoma RNA and makes ribosomes

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7
Q

Rough ER structure and function

A

‘Rough’ because covered with ribosomes; membranes enclose compartments that transport proteins synthesised on the ribosome

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8
Q

Smooth ER

A
  • Similar to the rough ER but no ribosomes

- synthesises and transports lipid molecules

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9
Q

Golgi body structure and function

A
  • Synthesises glycoproteins (proteins with carbohydrate groups attatched)
  • packages proteins to export from the cell
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10
Q

Mitochondria structure and function

A

Produce ATP by aerobic respiration

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11
Q

Ribosomes structure and function

A

Site of protein synthesis

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12
Q

Lysosomes structure and function

A

Digests unwanted materials and worn-out organelles

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13
Q

Microtubules structure and function

A
  • Along with thinner protein filaments form the cytoskeleton

- involved in movement of organelles

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14
Q

Centrioles structure and function

A
  • hollow cylinders containing a ring of microtubules arranged at right angles
  • the centrosome is a microtubule organising centre and is involved with the formation of the spindle during nuclear division
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15
Q

average diameter of prokaryote cell

A

0.5-5 um

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16
Q

average diameter of eukaryote

A

40um in diameter, and 1000-10000 times the volume of prokaryotic cells

17
Q

DNA in prokaryote cell

A

circular and lies free in the cytoplasm

18
Q

DNA in eukaryote cell

A

not circular

contained in a nucleus; the nucleus is surrounded by an envelope of two membranes

19
Q

ribosomes in prokaryote cells

A

slightly smaller (70s) ribosomes

20
Q

ribosomes in eukaryote cells

A

slightly larger (80s) ribosomes

21
Q

ER in prokaryotes

A

no ER present

22
Q

ER in eukaryotes

A

ER present, to which ribosomes may be attatched