Chapter 1: Cells

Question 1

all living things are made from

Answer 1

cells

Question 2

cells

Answer 2

smallest unit of life, small membrane enclosed units, can create copies of themselves by growth and division

Question 3

how do cells differ

Answer 3

size
shape
function
chemical requirements

Question 4

every cell has

Answer 4

DNA, plasma membrane and a mechanism for making proteins

Question 5

DNA

Answer 5

made of nucleotides, genetic information

Question 6

RNA

Answer 6

transcribed from DNA, then translated to form proteins

Question 7

central dogma of biology

Answer 7

DNA–> RNA–> Proteins

Question 8

endosymbiont hypothesis

Answer 8

every cell cam from the same ancestor cell

Question 9

genome

Answer 9

entire sequence of nucleotides, programs the cell with how to behave

Question 10

what invention led to the discovery of cells

Answer 10

the light microscope

Question 11

eukaryotes

Answer 11

have a nucleus, have membrane enclosed organelles, can live in multicellular organisms or on their own

Question 12

prokaryotes

Answer 12

no nucleus or membrane enclosed organelles, small, many different shapes, very fast division

Question 13

examples of prokaryotic cells

Answer 13

bacteria and archea

Question 14

nucleus

Answer 14

hold genetic information, has two membranes, pores

Question 15

mitochondria

Answer 15

generates energy from food molecules (cellular respiration),
thought to have evolved from engulfed bacteria cell,
contains its own DNA,
2 membranes,
can divide on its own

Question 16

chloroplasts

Answer 16

only found in plant cells, where photosynthesis occurs, have their own DNA

Question 17

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 17

materials that are to be exported are made here

Question 18

rough ER

Answer 18

has ribosomes makes proteins

Question 19

smooth ER

Answer 19

does not have ribosomes, synthesizes lipids and detoxifies chemicals

Question 20

golgi bodies

Answer 20

modifies the products produced by the ER, sends products out after

Question 21

lysozymes

Answer 21

digest and break down materials in the cell, has digestive enzymes

Question 22

cytoskeleton

Answer 22

directs cells movement, made of protein fillaments

Question 23

what are the types of protein filaments

Answer 23

actin
microtubules
intermediate

Question 24

actin fillaments

Question 25

microtubule filaments

Answer 25

help with DNA replication and divison, hollow

Question 26

intermediate fillaments

Question 27

characteristics of life

Answer 27

cellular respiration reproduction metabolism homeostasis heredity response to stimuli growth and development adaptation thru evolution

Question 28

what do organelles allow for

Answer 28

specialization and coordinated functions

Question 29

ribosomes

Answer 29

combination of proteins and RNA

Question 30

plasma cells have alot of ribosomes because

Answer 30

they produce antibodies

Question 31

free ribosomes

Answer 31

all ribosomes start out free, makes proteins in the cytoplasm

Question 32

why are digestive enzymes only in lysozymes

Answer 32

because they only function at acidic pH values

Question 33

peroxisome

Answer 33

creates hydrogen-peroxide and houses anything that needs hydrogen peroxide bc it can kill the cell

Question 34

vesicles

Answer 34

transport and storage

Question 35

cytoplasm

Answer 35

hold organelles in place, liquid portion (cytosol)

Question 36

why would adipocyte cells have more smooth ER than an Insulin secreting cells

Answer 36

because they synthesises lipids

Question 37

insulin producing cells

Answer 37

produces more ribosomes so they would have more rough ER

Question 38

endomembrane system

Answer 38

system of organelles that allow for the production, transport and modification of proteins

Question 39

what is involved in every metabolic pathway of a cell

Answer 39

proteins

Question 40

phospholipid bilyaer

Answer 40

every membrane in a cell hydrophobic tails hydrophillic heads

Question 41

Endomembrane system steps

Answer 41

1. RNA leaves nucleus and goes to ribosomes 2. ribosomes make a protein that is inserted into the ER lumen 3. buds off in a vesicle and goes to golgi body

Question 42

cis face

Answer 42

part of the golgi body that faces the ER

Question 43

trans face

Answer 43

part of the golgi body that faces away from the ER

Question 44

types of vesicles

Answer 44

secretory, transport, storage