Chapter 1 - Chemistry and Scientific Method Flashcards
(32 cards)
Scientific Method
The use of carefully experiments to answer scientific question.
Qualitative Data
Consisting of descriptive observations
Quantitative Data
Consisting of numbers obtained by measurements
Hypothesis
A proposition put forth as the possible explanation for, or prediction of an observation or phenomenon.
Scientific Law
A law summarizes the relationship but does not explain it.
Theory
A unifying principle, that explains the law based on the experimental observations.
Law of Conservation of Mass
The total mass of the reacting substances is equal to the total mass of the products formed.
Density
Mass/Volume
Chemistry is the study of ________.
Matter and its changes
Chemistry is known as ______.
central science
Another name for exact numbers
Cardinal (counted) numbers
Significant figures are limited by ________ during addition/subtraction.
Lowest decimal place
Significant figures are limited by _______ when multiplying/dividing.
Lowest significant figure
Does conversion ratio limit significant figures?
No
Accuracy
How close the measurement is to the “real” value.
Precision
How close a group of measurements are to each other
Equation for percent error
(avg value - true value) / (true value)
Temperature
A property that constitutes a quantitative measure of the relative tendency of heat to escape from an object
Temperature Scale
Established by assigning temperatures to two reference system.
Thermometer
A device used to measure temperature
Intensive Properties
properties whose values are independent of the amount of a substance.
Ex. density doesn’t change if you add more substanes
Extensive properties
properties whose values are dependent of the amount of a substance.
Ex. Mass changes with more substances
Potential Energy
The energy of an object due to its location relative to a specific reference point
Kinetic Energy
The energy associated with a moving object
