Chapter 1 Child Psych

Question 1

Infancy to puberty

Answer 1

Childhood

Question 2

The first two years of life

Answer 2

Infancy

Question 3

Early childhood

Answer 3

2-5

Question 4

Middle childhood

Answer 4

6-12

Question 5

Adolescence

Answer 5

13-20

Question 6

Changes in type or kind , development

Answer 6

Qualitative

Question 7

Changes in amount , growth

Answer 7

Quantitative changes

Question 8

Children were thought to be innately evil and miniature adults in

Answer 8

Medieval time

Question 9

Who said a child is born tabula rasa, a blank state , to be shaped by experience

Answer 9

Locke

Question 10

Who said children are naturally good and will express nature if allowed

Answer 10

Rousseau

Question 11

Baby biography

Answer 11

Darwin

Question 12

Growth refers to what changes

Answer 12

Physical

Question 13

Development refers to what changes

Answer 13

Mental

Question 14

Behaviorism, learning, nurture

Answer 14

John Watson

Question 15

Biological maturation , nature

Answer 15

Gesellschaft

Question 16

The part that is unconscious , contains all the urges and impulses

Answer 16

Id

Question 17

Conscious personality, the person is aware

Answer 17

Ego

Question 18

Superego

Answer 18

Self criticism

Question 19

Freud stage- sucking , early weaning or breastfed too long

Answer 19

Oral stage

Question 20

Oral stage fixation

Answer 20

Nail biting , smoking

Question 21

Freud stage- control and elimination of waste, excessively strict or permissive toilet training

Answer 21

Anal stage

Question 22

Anal stage fixation

Answer 22

Anal retentive (neatness) anal expulsion (sloppiness)

Question 23

Freud stage- parent child conflict over masturbation , view same sex parent rival

Answer 23

Phallic stage

Question 24

Sexual feelings remain unconscious

Answer 24

Latency stage

Question 25

Begins at adolescence, sexual gratification Freud

Answer 25

Genital stage

Question 26

Observable behaviors only

Answer 26

Behaviorism

Question 27

Neural stimulus repeatedly paired with second stimulus

Answer 27

Simple learning

Question 28

Who talked about reinforcement

Answer 28

Skinner

Question 29

The simple form of learning in which an originally neutral stimulus comes to bring forth , the response is brought fourth by a second stimulus

Answer 29

Classical conditioning

Question 30

Skinner distinguished between

Answer 30

Positive and negative reinforcements

Question 31

Increase the frequency of behaviors when they are applied

Answer 31

Positive reinforcers

Question 32

Increase the frequency of behaviors when they are removed

Answer 32

Negative reinforcements

Question 33

Bandura Social cognitive theory

Answer 33

Much of children’s learning also occurs by observing parents, teachers, other children, and characters in the media. Learn through observation Cognition plays a central role

Question 34

Jean Piaget’s Cognitive developmental theory

Answer 34

Schemes, adaptation, assimilation, accommodation, and equilibration

Question 35

Piaget defines what as a pattern of action or a mental structure that is involved in acquiring or organizing knowledge

Answer 35

Scheme

Question 36

Piaget defines what which reflects the interaction between the organism and the environment . All organisms adapt to their environment, natural biological tendency, assimilation and accommodation, interaction between child and environment

Answer 36

Adaptation

Question 37

Piaget- responding to a new object or event according to existing schemes

Answer 37

Assimilation

Question 38

Piagets four main stages of cognitive development

Answer 38

Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational

Question 39

Focus on two way interactions between parent and child , not just maturational or child rearing approaches

Answer 39

Bronfenbrenner

Question 40

5 embedded systems - ecological systems theory of child development

Answer 40

Microsystem, mesosystem, ecosystem, macro system, chronosystem

Question 41

What system is family, school, health services, neighborhood playground

Answer 41

Microsystem

Question 42

System with extended family and neighbors

Answer 42

Exosystem

Question 43

System that deals with attitudes and ideologies of the culture

Answer 43

Macrosystem

Question 44

System that deals with environmental changes that occur over time

Answer 44

Chronosystem

Question 45

Views that children are social beings who are influenced by the cultures in which they live

Answer 45

Sociocultural perspective VYGOTSKY

Question 46

In Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, this zone includes a range of tasks a child can perform with the help of someone more skilled , use conversations

Answer 46

Zone of proximal development

Question 47

Vygotsky’s Term that is when adult provides problem solving methods until a child can perform independently

Answer 47

Scaffolding

Question 48

Nature =

Answer 48

Heredity