Chapter 1- Clinical Applications

Question 1

The primary goal of a sonographer is

Answer 1

to capture and provide interpretable images for diagnosis by a physician. This goal is totally dependend on skill and the equipment’s quality.

Question 2

Ferris DMS is accredited through CAAHEP. What does this stand for?

Answer 2

Commission on Accredidation of Allied Health Education Programs

Question 3

List the Accrediting Bodies

Answer 3

ARDMS (American Registry for DMS) and ARRT (American Registry of Radiologic Technologists

Question 4

3 Exams Ferris students are guaranteed to be eligible for

Answer 4

Sonography Principles and Instrumentation Examination, Abdomen, Obstetrics and Gynecology

Question 5

In order to become a Registered Sonographer, what two exams must you take?

Answer 5

The SPI and a Specialty Exam

Question 6

What do sonographers do?

Answer 6

Use ultrasound equipment to produce cross-section images

Question 7

List 3 Standard Precautions to protect healthcare workers from transmitting diseases.

Answer 7

Proper cleaning of ultrasound equipment, Wearing PPE such as gloves or face masks, and hand washing

Question 8

Documents for ultrasound

Answer 8

Ultrasound request, patient chart, tech sheet, final interpretive report

Question 9

Ultrasound Request Form/ Order: Section One includes..?

Answer 9

Clinical facts including patient identification, examination location and priority, patient precautions

Question 10

Ultrasound Request Form/ Order: Section Two includes..?

Answer 10

Information provided by the referring physician. This includes name and address of physician and essential clinical data explaining the reasoning for the exam- diagnosis code.

Question 11

Ultrasound Request Form/ Order: Section Three includes..?

Answer 11

Additional information such as patient history and the REQUIRED physician signature

Question 12

Patient Chart: EMR (Electronic Medical Record) contains

Answer 12

assmessment notes, laboratory results, reports of previous ultrasounds and correlating image modiality studies (such as CT or MRI)

Question 13

A common requirement before the examination is to ask for a brief medical history. This includes:

Answer 13

Medications, known health conditions, symptoms, and previous surgeries.

Question 14

What questions do you ask to determine why the patient is there for the exam?

Answer 14

Is the pain constant or does it come and go? how long has this symptom been occurring? Have you had a history with similar pain/symptoms? Have you had any previous surgeries?

Question 15

What are the three RIGHT Regional Divisions of the Abdomen from top to bottom?

Answer 15

Right hypochindrium, Right Lumbar, Right Illiac

Question 16

What are the three MIDDLE Regional Divisions of the Abdomen from top to bottom?

Answer 16

Epigastric, Umbilical, Hypogastric

Question 17

What are the three LEFT Regional Divisions of the Abdomen from top to bottom?

Answer 17

Left hypochondriac, Left Lumbar, Left Illiac

Question 18

Define solid in ultrasound terminology

Answer 18

echogenic shades of gray

Question 19

Define cystic in ultrasound terminology

Answer 19

anechoic with defined walls

Question 20

Define complex in ultrasound terminology

Answer 20

cystic and solid structures present

Question 21

Define smooth borders in ultrasound terminology

Answer 21

the structure in the image has a clearly defined border.

Question 22

Define irregular borders in ultrasound terminology

Answer 22

A structure with a rough or jagged edge

Question 23

Define acoustic enhancement in ultrasound terminology

Answer 23

Enhancement occurs when the area surrounding a structure is bright white, due to increased echos deep to structures that transmit sound. Example: Fluid filled cysts/ bladders

Question 24

Define acoustic shadowing in ultrasound terminology

Answer 24

an artifact that occurs when the surrounding area appears dark because of the hyperechoic appearance of the surrounding structure. Example: Gallstones.

Question 25

What occurs during a pre-appointment survey

Answer 25

a survey of the area of interest with no images taken. This is to fine-tune the imaging technique, decide on patient position, and help practive patient breathing technique.

Question 26

What is included in a technical observation?

Answer 26

observe the area including echo pattern and size, abnormal findings with origin, location, number, size, and composition. Pathology in 2 planes and with Doppler. NO diagnosis.

Question 27

A sonographer fails to make an accurate description in written observation summary, but demonstrates findings on the images. Is this legal practice?

Answer 27

Yes. The sonographer has performed within legal guidelines of scope of practice.

Question 28

4 things to tell the Radiologist when presenting a case

Answer 28

1. type of exam and reason 2. Patient's history (Symptoms, lab result, past exams) 3. Ultrasound findings 4. Justification of technique and procedures

Question 29

Definitive Diagnosis

Answer 29

certain or almost certain of the pathology being presented

Question 30

Differential Diagnosis

Answer 30

multiple pathologies that are indicated based on the ultrasound findings

Question 31

Explain Trendelenburg and Reverse Trendelenburg positions

Answer 31

In Trendelenburg, the patient is on their back but the bed is angled backward so their feet are higher than their head. / Reverse trendelenburg is the opposite, with the patient's head above their feet. \