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Therapeutic Modalities > Chapter 1 Definitions > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

acute

A

of recent onset. The period after an injury when the local inflammatory response is still active.

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2
Q

stress

A

a force that disrupts the normal homeostasis of a system

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3
Q

amino acids

A

building blocks of protein

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4
Q

chronic

A

continuing for a long period; with injury, extending past the primary hemorrhage and inflammation cycle

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5
Q

cortisol

A

a cortisone-like substance produced in the body

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6
Q

homeostasis

A

state of equilibrium in the body and its systems that provides a stable internal environment

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7
Q

myocardial

A

pertaining to the middle layer of the heart walls

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8
Q

pathology

A

changes in structure and/or function caused by disease or trauma

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9
Q

sprain

A

a stretching or tearing of ligaments

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10
Q

strain

A

a stretching or tearing of tendons or muscles

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11
Q

systemic

A

affecting the body as a whole

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12
Q

vasoconstriction

A

reduction in a blood vessel’s diameter. this results in a decrease in blood flow

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13
Q

collagen

A

a protein-based connective tissiue

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14
Q

osteoblast

A

a cell concerned with the formation of new bone

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15
Q

osteoclast

A

a cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bone

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16
Q

conduction

A

the transfer of heat from a high temperature to a low temperature between two objects that are touching each other

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17
Q

diathermy

A

a classification of therapeutic modality that uses high-frequency electrical energy to heat subcustaneous tissues

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18
Q

motor nerve

A

a nerve that provides impulses to mucles

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19
Q

motor unit

A

a group of skeletal muscle fibers that are innervated by a single motor nerve

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20
Q

transdermal (transdermally)

A

introduction of medication to the subcutaneous tissues through unbroken skin

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21
Q

afferent

A

carrying impulses toward a central structure, for example, the brain

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22
Q

efferent

A

carrying umpulses away from a central structure. Nerves leaving the central nervous system are efferent nerves

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23
Q

metabolism

A

the suym of physical and chemical reactiosn taking place within the body

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24
Q

aerobic

A

requiring the presence of oxygen

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25
anaerobic
able to survive int he absence of oxygen. Anaerobic system derive their energy through the breakdown of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
26
propagation
transmission through a medium
27
um
micrometer, 1/1,000,000 of a meter
28
millivotl (mV)
one millivolt equals 1/1,000 of a volt
29
muscle spindle
an organ located within the muscular tissue that detects the rate and magnitude of a muscle contraction
30
noxious
harmful, injurious, or painful. Capable of producing pain
31
basement membrane
extracellular material that deparates the base of epithelial cells form connective tissue
32
extracellular
outside the cell membrane
33
ground substance
material occupying the intercellular spaces in fibrous connective tissue, cartilage, or bone (also known as matrix)
34
edema
an excessive accumulation of serous fluids
35
granulation tissue
delicate tissue composed of fibroblasts, collagen, and capillaries formed during the recascularization phase of wound healing
36
hemorrhage
bleeding from veins, arteries, or capillaries
37
histamine
a blood-thinning chemical released from damaged tissue during inflammatory process. Its primary function is vasodilation of arterioles and increased vascular permeability in venules
38
ischemia
local and temporary deficiency of blood supply caused by obstruction oif circulation to a part.
39
mediators
chemical that act through indirect means
40
phagocyte
a classification of scavenger cells that ingest and destroy unwanted substances in the body
41
leukocytes
white blood cells that serve as scavengers
42
muscle guarding
a voluntary or subconscious contraction of a muscle to protect an injured area
43
fibrinogen
a protein present in the blood plasma and essential for the clotting of blood
44
gamma globulin
an infection-fighting blood protein
45
venule
a small vein exiting from a capillary
46
arteriole
a small artery leading to a capillary at its distal end
47
chemotasix
movment of living protoplasm toward or away from a chemical stimulus
48
coagulation
the process of blood clotting
49
endothelial cells
flat cells lining the blood and lymphatic vessels and the heart
50
interstitial
between the tissues
51
vasodilation
increased in a blood vessle's diameter. This rsults in a increase in blood flow
52
ecchymosis
a blue-blace discoloration of the skin caused by movement of blood into the tissues. In the latter stages, the color may appear greenish brown or yellow
53
exudate
fluid that collects in a cavity and has a high concentration of cells, protein, and other solid matter
54
hematoma
a mass of blood confined to a limited area, resulting from the subcutaneous leakage of blood
55
macrophage
a blood cell having the ability to devour particles; a phagocyte
56
monocyte
a white blood cell that matures to become a macrophage
57
range of motion
the distance, measured in degrees, that a limb moves in one place (eg, flexion-extension, adduction-abduction)
58
subcutaneous
beneath the skin
59
fibrin
a filamentous protein formed by the action of thrombin on fibrinogen
60
platelet
a free-flowing cell fragment in the bloodstream
61
prothrombin
a chemical found in the blood that reacts with an enzyme to produce thrombin
62
thrombin
an enzyme formed in the blood of a damaged area
63
growth factors
substances that stimulate the production of specific types of cells
64
myofibroblasts
fibroblasts that have contractile properties
65
polymorph
a type of white blood cell; a granulocyte
66
actin
a contractile muscle protein
67
satellite cell
spindle-shaped cell that assists in the repair of skeletal muscle
68
tensile strength
the ability of a structure to withstand a pulling force along its length; resistance to tear
69
lymphatic return
a return process similar to that of the venous network but specializing in the removal of interstitial fluid
70
fibrosis
an abnoramally large formation of inelastic fibrous tissue
71
thoracic duct
a central collection point for the lymphatic system. The contents of the thoracic duct are routed inot the left subclavian vein, where they return to the blood system
72
viscosity
the resistance of a fluid to flow
73
hydrophic
relating to edema; an excessive amount of fluid
74
necrossis
cell death
75
glycolytic pathway
a complex chemical reaction that yields adenosine triphosphatase from glucose
76
myosin
noncontractgile muscle protein
77
interneuron
a neuron connecting two nerves
78
dyskinesia
a defect in the ability to perform voluntary joint movement
79
fibromyalgia
chronic inflammation of a muscle or connective tissue
80
hypersensitive
abnormally increased sensitivity, a condition in which there is an exaggerated response by the body to a stimulus
81
myositis
inflammation of muscular tissue
82
granuloma
a hard mass of fibrous tissue
83
iontophoresis
introduction of ions inot the body through the use of an electrical current

Therapeutic Modalities (20 decks)

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