Chapter 1 - Distinctive features of UK cities

Question 1

What is Cardiff?

Answer 1

Cardiff is one of 13 global cities in the UK and the largest city in Wales.

Question 2

What period did Cardiff experience rapid growth due to coal-related industries?

Answer 2

Between around 1850 and 1920.

Question 3

What type of housing was built to accommodate dock workers in Cardiff?

Answer 3

Terraced houses.

Question 4

What is the term for the process of physical and population growth in cities?

Answer 4

Urbanisation.

Question 5

During which years did Cardiff experience a second phase of growth?

Answer 5

From 1930 to the mid-1980s.

Question 6

What factors contributed to the suburbanisation of Cardiff?

Answer 6

Better public transport and more widespread car ownership.

Question 7

What is suburbanisation also known as?

Answer 7

Suburban sprawl.

Question 8

Which small villages became part of the urban area of Cardiff due to suburbanisation?

Answer 8

Radyr and Whitchurch.

Question 9

What phase of growth has Cardiff experienced between the mid-1980s and today?

Answer 9

Re-urbanisation.

Question 10

Where was new housing built during the re-urbanisation phase in Cardiff?

Answer 10

On old industrial sites once occupied by dock-related industries in Butetown next to Cardiff Bay.

Question 11

What has been the effect of re-urbanisation on the population of the inner urban area of Cardiff?

Answer 11

The population of this zone has been rising.

Question 12

What is urbanisation?

Answer 12

The growth of the urban population and of the area covered by towns and cities.

Question 13

Define suburbanisation.

Answer 13

The growth of the suburbs on the edge of a town or city.

Question 14

Define re-urbanisation

Answer 14

The growth in population of the inner part of a city as new houses and flats are built.

Question 15

What are the distinct neighbourhoods in Cardiff characterized by?

Answer 15

Urban features, such as age or style of houses and presence of parks, shops, offices, or factories.

Question 16

What other aspect defines each neighbourhood in Cardiff besides urban features?

Answer 16

The community of people who live there.

Question 17

What factors influence the socio-economic group to which a person belongs?

Answer 17

Factors include age, education, income, ethnicity, and race.

Question 18

What is a socio-economic group?

Answer 18

A group of people who have similar social and economic characteristics.

Question 19

What type of houses are prevalent in Cardiff’s inner urban area?

Answer 19

Terraced houses built in the period 1880-1914

Question 20

Name two neighbourhoods in Cardiff’s inner urban area.

Answer 20

Canton and Grangetown

Question 21

What suburban neighbourhood is mentioned in relation to Cardiff?

Answer 21

Rhiwbina

Question 22

Where is Rhiwbina located?

Answer 22

Rhiwbina is located to the north, west, and east of Cardiff.

Question 23

What are multi-purpose urban environments?

Answer 23

Urban environments that provide places for people to live, work, and enjoy leisure and cultural activities

Question 24

Why can multi-purpose urban environments be challenging?

Answer 24

They can evoke different perceptions or feelings among people

Question 25

What might some people find frightening in urban environments?

Answer 25

Meeting crowds of noisy and excited fans

Question 26

What is the sphere of influence?

Answer 26

The area within which people are affected by a feature of the environment.

Question 27

What types of effects can occur within a sphere of influence?

Answer 27

Effects may be good or bad.

Question 28

How do effects within a sphere of influence change with distance?

Answer 28

The effects decline with distance.

Question 29

What is a sphere of influence in the context of urban environments?

Answer 29

An area within which local residents may be affected in either a good or bad way.

Question 30

Give an example of a positive sphere of influence.

Answer 30

A skate park provides benefits for teenagers in the local area.

Question 31

What is an example of a negative sphere of influence?

Answer 31

Noise from a busy road may be a nuisance to people living close by.

Question 32

Who is most affected by features of the urban environment?

Answer 32

People living closest to the features.

Question 33

What issues do local residents complain about regarding town centre pubs and night clubs?

Answer 33

Noise, bad language, and drunken fights on the street.

Question 34

Which properties are worst affected by noise from pubs?

Answer 34

Properties next to pubs.

Question 35

What term do geographers use to describe the reduced impact with distance?

Answer 35

'Friction of distance'

Question 36

When did Somali migrants first arrive in Cardiff?

Answer 36

Between 1880 and 1900

Question 37

What type of work did many Somali migrants do in Cardiff?

Answer 37

Worked in the ships exporting coal from the docks in Butetown. Butetown was known as Tiger Bay during that time.

Question 38

In addition to Cardiff, which other UK ports did Somali seamen settle in?

Answer 38

* London docklands * Bristol * Hull * Liverpool

Question 39

How many Somali sailors and their families were living in Cardiff by 1945?

Answer 39

Around 2,000

Question 40

What significant event began in Somalia in 1991?

Answer 40

A long civil war

Question 41

Where did refugees from the Somali civil war first move to?

Answer 41

Refugee camps in other African countries such as Kenya and Ethiopia

Question 42

After leaving refugee camps, where did some Somali refugees eventually migrate to?

Answer 42

The UK They joined the existing Somali community already present in the UK.

Question 43

What percentage of Cardiff's population are members of ethnic minorities?

Answer 43

Eight percent

Question 44

From which regions did economic migrants move to Cardiff between 1800 and the 1930s?

Answer 44

Other European countries and the countries of the British Empire

Question 45

What was the name of the area in Cardiff where many migrants settled?

Answer 45

Tiger Bay

Question 46

What are the two largest communities in Cardiff descended from?

Answer 46

South Asian and Somali migrants

Question 47

Approximately how many Somalis live in Cardiff?

Answer 47

A little under 10,000

Question 48

In which Cardiff wards do most Somalis live?

Answer 48

Grangetown and Riverside

Question 49

Why do Somalis choose to live in the Grangetown and Riverside districts?

Answer 49

To be close to other family members

Question 50

What type of shops are prevalent in the Somali community in Cardiff?

Answer 50

Halal butchers and fast food

Question 51

What cultural facilities are found in the Somali district of Cardiff?

Answer 51

Mosques and Muslim cultural centres

Question 52

What types of housing options are available in the Somali district of Cardiff?

Answer 52

A wide variety of different sized houses and flats for both rent and sale

Question 53

What are economic migrants?

Answer 53

People who move home to find work

Question 54

What demographic is often represented among economic migrants?

Answer 54

Young adults

Question 55

From where do many economic migrants in the UK move?

Answer 55

From one region of the UK to another

Question 56

What countries do many economic migrants to the UK come from?

Answer 56

Commonwealth countries, such as India, and European countries, such as Poland

Question 57

How do economic migrants contribute to the UK economy?

Answer 57

By doing a range of jobs in various fields

Question 58

List some fields in which economic migrants work in the UK.

Answer 58

* Health * Social care * Agriculture

Question 59

What are some characteristics of affluent neighbourhoods?

Answer 59

Residents have professional jobs and reasonable incomes

Question 60

What issues may residents in deprived neighbourhoods face?

Answer 60

Lack of safe play areas, poor housing conditions, poor health

Question 61

What environmental issues are associated with some deprived neighbourhoods?

Answer 61

Poor air quality due to busy traffic

Question 62

What is the definition of deprivation?

Answer 62

Lacking the social, economic or environmental features that give people a comfortable quality of life

Question 63

What factors are considered in the measure of deprivation?

Answer 63

Income and job type, health, safety, physical condition of the local environment

Question 64

True or False: Zones of wealth and deprivation can exist close to each other.

Answer 64

True

Question 65

What is an example of an area in Cardiff that represents a zone of wealth and deprivation?

Answer 65

Riverside

Question 66

In what context is the term 'deprivation' used?

Answer 66

To describe areas lacking features for a comfortable quality of life

Question 67

What does the term 'affluent' refer to in the context of neighbourhoods?

Answer 67

Wealthy

Question 68

What is the purpose of Neighbourhood Renewal Schemes?

Answer 68

To improve the physical environment of areas suffering deprivation

Question 69

How are local residents involved in Neighbourhood Renewal Schemes?

Answer 69

They participate in the planning stage to discover what is needed

Question 70

What are the neighbourhood renewal schemes designed for?

Answer 70

to make the local environment: * safer * more attractive * better used by local people

Question 71

What are some examples of improvements made through Neighbourhood Renewal Schemes?

Answer 71

* Improving pavements * Planting trees * Installing better street lighting * Providing skate parks

Question 72

What is the Alley Gating Programme?

Answer 72

A project designed to improve safety and reduce crime in central and southern Cardiff

Question 73

What does the Alley Gating Programme do?

Answer 73

This programme installs metal gates across alleys behind Victorian terraced houses.

Question 74

What years did the Alley Gating Programme operate?

Answer 74

2019-2021

Question 75

Give 4 examples of schemes used in Cardiff to regenerate deprived neighbourhoods

Answer 75

Planting tress The Alley Gating programme Working with local residents to create a community garden Installing a children's playground in Lisvane