Chapter 1- DNA And Genetics

Question 1

What does DNA stand for ?

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Question 2

What does DNA do ?

Answer 2

It determines most living things characteristics and it contributes to the diversity of living things

Question 3

Is DNA a element or compound

Answer 3

Complex compound

Question 4

DNA is made up of molecules called…

Answer 4

Nucleotides

* building blocks of DNA

Question 5

Nucleotides three main parts

Answer 5

• phosphate group
• deoxyRibose Sugar
• 1 of 4 nitrogen-rich bases

Question 6

Nucleotides are organised in way that makes DNA a double ….

Answer 6

Helix

Question 7

Uprights of the ladder is made up of

Answer 7

alternating phosphate and deoxyribose sugar

Question 8

What forms the rungs of the ladder

Answer 8

The bases

Question 9

What are the four bases

Answer 9

Adenine , Thymine , Guanine and cytosine

Question 10

The bases can only be paired up one way , what is this ???

Their are two types of rungs

Answer 10

Adenine - thymine
Cytosine - guanine

^ the two types of rungs

Question 11

Define complementary base pairs

Answer 11

A characteristic that means the same pair must always be paired together

Question 12

What are chromosomes

Answer 12

Long , thin , threadlike structures found in the nucleus of cells. They composed of proteins and DNA
*contains the genetic information in form of genes

Question 13

How many chromosomes does the major of human body cells contain

Answer 13

46 chromosomes ( in 23 pairs )

Question 14

How many chromosomes does the egg/sperm cells in the human body contain

Answer 14

23 (1 of each pair )

Question 15

How many chromosomes does the red blood cells contain

Answer 15

None cause they have no nucleus

Question 16

Do all other organisms have the same or different number of chromosomes pairs in cells

Answer 16

Different

Question 17

The different between one gene to the next is ?

Answer 17

~order of bases along a DNA strand

~Length of the DNA strand

Question 18

What is DNA Replication

Answer 18

When cells divide for growth or repair , the DNA inside is reproduced exactly

Question 19

The relationship between DNA , chromosomes and genes

Answer 19

Chromosomes are made up of DNA and protein and sections of DNA are called genes. The genes can contain over 1000 genes in each chromosome

Question 20

What is a gamete , and examples

Answer 20

Is a reproductive cell

Examples : sperm , egg , pollen , ovule

Question 21

What are alleles ?

And what type of alleles can u have

Answer 21

Different forms of the same gene

Dominate allele
Recessive allele

Question 22

4 scientists who contributed to our understanding of DNA

Answer 22

Francis Crick
James Watson
Rosalind Franklin
Maurice Wilkins

Question 23

Autosomes

Answer 23

All the chromosomes in a cell another than the sex chromosomes

Question 24

Sex chromosomes

Answer 24

Chromosome that determine the sex of an individual

Question 25

XX

Answer 25

Female

Question 26

XY

Answer 26

Males

Question 27

Diploid number Haploid number

Answer 27

The number of chromosomes in body cell The number of chromosomes in a gamete

Question 28

Homologous pair

Answer 28

Chromosomes that have The same gene for a certain characteristic at the same location

Question 29

Genotype

Answer 29

Genetic info carried

Question 30

Phenotype

Answer 30

It is the observable characteristic and is the way the genotype is expressed

Question 31

Heterozygous

Answer 31

2 differs allies on a homologous chromosomes

Question 32

Homozygous

Answer 32

2 of the identical, alleles on a homologous chromosomes

Question 33

Pure breeding

Answer 33

All the individual have the same genetic information for a characteristic

Question 34

Meiosis Examples

Answer 34

Cell division that produces gamete with half the no number of chromosomes of each parent cell Eggs and sperm

Question 35

Mitosis

Answer 35

Cell division of two daughter cells identical to the parent cell Growth and repair

Question 36

What does Proteins | Examples

Answer 36

Control many function or characteristic in the body Example builds up your cells and tissues