Chapter 1 Drug Actions Flashcards by Rachel P

Any small molecule that changes a body function by working at the chemical and cell levels

Drug

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What two words can mean the same thing but can be misused or abused ?

Drug and medication

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A plan to prevent or improve a health problem that includes the use of drugs

Drug therapy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Chemicals that the body makes

Intrinsic drugs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Drugs the body does not make

Extrinsic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Study of extrinsic drugs and how they work

Pharmacology

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All drugs affect what in the body?

A tissue or organ

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A function that occurs when a drug is taken-Minor changes in the body

Side effects

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This is determined by balancing the benefit of therapeutic effects against the seriousness of side effects of a drug

Drug safety

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Drug names:

Used by chemists and manufactures , not by health care providers

Chemical name

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Drug names:

Used by pharmacists, prescribers, nurses, other health care professionals/ may resemble chemical composition

Generic name

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Drug names:

Proprietary name and trade name .

Assigned by drug manufacturer
First letter capitalized and followed by R or TM

Brand name

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Drug categories

-which one can be very dangerous?

OTC drugs
Prescription drugs
Herbals

-herbals

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This drug regulation develops manufacturing standards

It promotes purity strength packaging and labeling

United States Pharmacopeia USP

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Enforces standards set by the USP

food and drug administration (FDA)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Who does the USP and FDA work together with to protect the public?

The US Congress and US Supreme Court

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The study of ways in which drug affects the body

Pharmacodynamics

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Exactly how long a drug works to change a body function

Mechanism of action

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A target for a drug

Receptors

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What type of receptors are there?

Receptor agonists

Receptor antagonists

Non-receptor responses

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Intended action or therapeutic response

Desired effect that improves the body function

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The changes in body function that were not the intended action

Side effects

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Harmful side effects also known as toxic effect or toxicity

Adverse effect or adverse drug reaction ADR

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A warning printed on the package that means a drug may produce serious or even life-threatening effects and some people in addition to its beneficial effects

Blackbox warning

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This adverse effect produces inflammatory reactions

Allergic response

What is the most severe allergic response?

Anaphylaxis

Unexpected adverse effects based on the patient's genetics The affect has nothing to do with the drugs mechanism of action

Personal/ idiosyncratic response

The study of how the body uses and changes drugs

Pharmacokinetics

The lowest blood level needed to cause the intended action of a drug

Minimum effective concentration MEC

The level of blood has to be maintained by balancing drug entry with drug elimination this balance, is known as what?

Steady-state

This is how long a drug remains in the blood at the MEC?

Duration of action

This is the strength of the intended action produced at a given dose

Potency

Drug entry is equal to drug elimination Balanced or unbalanced?

Balanced

Drug elimination is greater than drug injury. Body level of drug is too low to be effective Balanced or unbalanced?

Unbalanced

Druggie limitation is slower than drug entry. Body level of drug is high enough for toxic effects to occur

Unbalanced

Movement of drug from outside of the body to the bloodstream

Absorption

This is the route to give me drugs through the skin or mucous membranes?

Percutaneous route

This is the route to give drugs through the G.I. tract or stomach

Enteral route

This is the route to get drugs by injecting into the body

Parenteral route

Extent that drug spreads into specific compartments

Distribution

A drug is distributed into what three areas?

Blood Interstitial space Intracellular space

This is the compartment that drugs distribute to that is made up of the spaces of arteries, veins, and capillaries

Bloodsteam

The second compartment that drugs distribute to includes both the blood volume and watery spaces between all body cells

Interstitial space

This is the largest compartment that drugs distribute to which include the blood volume and watery spaces between the cells, and the space inside the cells

Intracellular space

This is a chemical reaction in the body that changes the chemical shape and content of the drug . It makes it easier to eliminate the drug

Metabolism

Metabolism occurs in what body organs ?

Mainly- Liver and kidneys

Metabolism eliminates where?

Lungs , kidneys, gi tract

When a drug is given orally, some of the drug is metabolized quickly by the liver and rapidly eliminated from the body. This rapid elimination of oral drugs is called what?

First pass loss

What is hepatotoxicity?

Liver damage

What is nephrotoxicity?

Kidney toxic

This is the time span needed for one half of a single drug dose given to be eliminated

Half-life

This is the point at which drug elimination his balance with the drug entry

Steady state

This is when the first prescribed dose is larger than the rest of the prescribe doses? what is the reason for this?

Loading dose It is used to get the blood level up to the MEC (range in blood that allows the intended actions to occur) as fast as possible.

This is the maximum blood drug level (like top of a mountain)

Peak

This is the lowest or minimal blood drug level

Tough

What are some considerations when giving meds to children?

Children are smaller than adults Most drugs are given in smaller doses in proportion to the child size and weight

With children, some prescribed drug doses are based on what? And prescribed in?

BSA body surface area Milligrams and kilograms

Drugs that have a specific type of effect on adults may have the opposite effect on children. These effects are called what?

Paradoxical effect

Drugs can also impact what in children?

Development

Infants new born may have slower metabolism due to ?

Organ not being fully active yet.

Toddler to school aged children have a higher metabolism than adults and may need a _____ dose how often ?

Lower dose More frequently due to elimination

Older adults may have _____ damage which results in _____ metabolism and elimination of drug

Liver Slower

what is needed for optimal drug therapy?

Effective heart, adequate blood pressure, good oxygenation

Pregnancy some drugs may cross the what and affect the unborn baby?

Placenta

These are drugs that can cause birth defects

Teratogens

What are the pregnancy categories of drugs?

A Not predicted to increase risk B Now likelihood of increasing risk C Moderate likelihood of increasing risk D High likelihood of increasing risk E Insufficient data to assess the likelihood of increasing risk

What to remember when breast-feeding and taking drugs?

Some drugs cross into breastmilk

What can drugs interact with?

``` Extrinsic drugs Intrinsic drugs Food Vitamins Herbal compounds ```