Chapter 1. Earth Materials And Geosphere

Question 1

Low velocity zone

Answer 1

250km

Question 2

Transition zone

Answer 2

410 km

Question 3

Another transition zone

Answer 3

660km

Question 4

Crust distance

Answer 4

5-80km

Question 5

Mantle distance

Answer 5

2885 km

Question 6

Core distance (rad)

Answer 6

3480 km

Question 7

Crust by %vol

Answer 7

Less than 1

Question 8

Mantle %by vol

Answer 8

83%

Question 9

Core %vol

Answer 9

16%

Question 10

Lithospheric distance

Answer 10

100km

Question 11

Asthenospheric distance with transition zone

Answer 11

400-660km

Question 12

Crust is separated from mantle by _discontinuity

Answer 12

Moho

Question 13

Oceanic crust thickness

Answer 13

5-7 km

Question 14

Idealized strat of Oceanic crust composed of _ main layers

Answer 14

3

Question 15

Layer 1

Answer 15

Sediments

Question 16

Layer 2

Answer 16

Basalts and dikes

Question 17

Layer 3

Answer 17

Gabbro and Oceanic crust

Question 18

Layer 4

Answer 18

Mantle PERIDOTITE

Question 19

Oldest Oceanic crust age

Answer 19

<180 ma

Question 20

Location of oldest Oceanic crust

Answer 20

Along w and e borders of N Atlantic Ocean and w pacific

Question 21

Oceanic crust density

Answer 21

2.9 to 3.1

Question 22

Ave density of cont crust

Answer 22

2.6 to 2.9

Question 23

Greenstone belts age

Answer 23

4.28 GA

Question 24

Composition of earth’s mantle

Answer 24

Ultrabasic ecglogite

Question 25

Upper mantle comp

Answer 25

Peridotite

Question 26

Lvz distance

Answer 26

100 to 250 km

Question 27

Distance top of lvz marks the contact between lithosphere and asthenosphere

Answer 27

100km

Question 28

Discontinuity at inner to outer core at 5150 km

Answer 28

Lehman

Question 29

Density of inner core

Answer 29

13

Question 30

Plates are separated by plate boundary segments that end in?

Answer 30

Triple junctions

Question 31

Movement of plates

Answer 31

3 types, 2 hybrid(div, con, trans, - ditrans, contrans

Question 32

Creation of red sea (Arabian separated from African)

Answer 32

5ma

Question 33

Creation of Indian Ocean

Answer 33

115 ma

Question 34

Creation of Atlantic ocean

Answer 34

180 ma

Question 35

Earths largest mountain range (20%of earths surface)

Answer 35

Ocean ridge system

Question 36

6-18cm per yr warmer and faster

Answer 36

E. Pacific rise

Question 37

2-4cm/yr spreading rate

Answer 37

Mid Atlantic

Question 38

Idea sites for epiclastic(detrital) of subd zones

Answer 38

Trench arc systems

Question 39

Marks path of subd zone

Answer 39

Wadatti benioff zone

Question 40

3 largest magnitude of equake

Answer 40

1909 Chile Alaska 1964 Sumatra 2004 which produced banda aceh tsunami

Question 41

Age of himalayan mountain range

Answer 41

40ma

Question 42

Tule of strike slip with horizontal motion

Answer 42

Trans

Question 43

Curvilinear zones of intensity faulted or fractured Oceanic crust nearly perpen to ridge axis

Answer 43

Fracture zones

Question 44

Below lvz, seismic velo is (low, high)

Answer 44

High

Question 45

Location of transition zone (410-660)

Answer 45

Between upper and lower mantle

Question 46

Olivine (@14Gpa) transforms into beta spinel or wadsleyite and at high pressure transforms into ringwoodite. T or f

Answer 46

T

Question 47

(@660km,24gpa) ringwoodite plus garnet to pervoskite and periclase(oxide). T or f

Answer 47

T

Question 48

Periclase and magnesiowustite are polymorphs ((MG. Fe) o). T or f

Answer 48

T

Question 49

Lower mantle major minerals

Answer 49

Perovs, periclase, magnesiowustite, stishiovite, ilmenite, ferrite

Question 50

Above core mantle boundary (130-340km)

Answer 50

D"layer

Question 51

Core composition

Answer 51

85% Fe 5% Ni 8-10% O S H

Question 52

Low velo of P wave @2900 km or core mantle boundary

Answer 52

Guttenberg discontinuity

Question 53

Core mantle boundary density

Answer 53

10-12g/cm3