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Hefferan > Chapter 1. Earth Materials And Geosphere > Flashcards

Chapter 1. Earth Materials And Geosphere Flashcards

1
Q

Low velocity zone

A

250km

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2
Q

Transition zone

A

410 km

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3
Q

Another transition zone

A

660km

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4
Q

Crust distance

A

5-80km

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5
Q

Mantle distance

A

2885 km

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6
Q

Core distance (rad)

A

3480 km

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7
Q

Crust by %vol

A

Less than 1

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8
Q

Mantle %by vol

A

83%

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9
Q

Core %vol

A

16%

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10
Q

Lithospheric distance

A

100km

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11
Q

Asthenospheric distance with transition zone

A

400-660km

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12
Q

Crust is separated from mantle by _discontinuity

A

Moho

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13
Q

Oceanic crust thickness

A

5-7 km

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14
Q

Idealized strat of Oceanic crust composed of _ main layers

A

3

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15
Q

Layer 1

A

Sediments

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16
Q

Layer 2

A

Basalts and dikes

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17
Q

Layer 3

A

Gabbro and Oceanic crust

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18
Q

Layer 4

A

Mantle PERIDOTITE

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19
Q

Oldest Oceanic crust age

A

<180 ma

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20
Q

Location of oldest Oceanic crust

A

Along w and e borders of N Atlantic Ocean and w pacific

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21
Q

Oceanic crust density

A

2.9 to 3.1

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22
Q

Ave density of cont crust

A

2.6 to 2.9

23
Q

Greenstone belts age

A

4.28 GA

24
Q

Composition of earth’s mantle

A

Ultrabasic ecglogite

25
Q

Upper mantle comp

A

Peridotite

26
Q

Lvz distance

A

100 to 250 km

27
Q

Distance top of lvz marks the contact between lithosphere and asthenosphere

A

100km

28
Q

Discontinuity at inner to outer core at 5150 km

A

Lehman

29
Q

Density of inner core

A

13

30
Q

Plates are separated by plate boundary segments that end in?

A

Triple junctions

31
Q

Movement of plates

A

3 types, 2 hybrid(div, con, trans, - ditrans, contrans

32
Q

Creation of red sea (Arabian separated from African)

A

5ma

33
Q

Creation of Indian Ocean

A

115 ma

34
Q

Creation of Atlantic ocean

A

180 ma

35
Q

Earths largest mountain range (20%of earths surface)

A

Ocean ridge system

36
Q

6-18cm per yr warmer and faster

A

E. Pacific rise

37
Q

2-4cm/yr spreading rate

A

Mid Atlantic

38
Q

Idea sites for epiclastic(detrital) of subd zones

A

Trench arc systems

39
Q

Marks path of subd zone

A

Wadatti benioff zone

40
Q

3 largest magnitude of equake

A

1909 Chile Alaska 1964 Sumatra 2004 which produced banda aceh tsunami

41
Q

Age of himalayan mountain range

A

40ma

42
Q

Tule of strike slip with horizontal motion

A

Trans

43
Q

Curvilinear zones of intensity faulted or fractured Oceanic crust nearly perpen to ridge axis

A

Fracture zones

44
Q

Below lvz, seismic velo is (low, high)

A

High

45
Q

Location of transition zone (410-660)

A

Between upper and lower mantle

46
Q

Olivine (@14Gpa) transforms into beta spinel or wadsleyite and at high pressure transforms into ringwoodite. T or f

A

T

47
Q

(@660km,24gpa) ringwoodite plus garnet to pervoskite and periclase(oxide). T or f

A

T

48
Q

Periclase and magnesiowustite are polymorphs ((MG. Fe) o). T or f

A

T

49
Q

Lower mantle major minerals

A

Perovs, periclase, magnesiowustite, stishiovite, ilmenite, ferrite

50
Q

Above core mantle boundary (130-340km)

A

D”layer

51
Q

Core composition

A

85% Fe 5% Ni 8-10% O S H

52
Q

Low velo of P wave @2900 km or core mantle boundary

A

Guttenberg discontinuity

53
Q

Core mantle boundary density

A

10-12g/cm3

Hefferan (4 decks)

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