Chapter 1: Earth, Moon, and Sun

Question 1

Revolution

Answer 1

Movement of one object around another.

Revolves is a form of revolution . . . the Earth revolves around the sun.

Question 2

Solstice

Answer 2

When the sun is farthest North or South of the Equator

SUMMER Solstice: the sun is farthest NORTH in the Northern Hemisphere
WINTER Solstice: the sun is farthest SOUTH in the Southern Hemisphere

Question 3

Summer Solstice

Answer 3

The sun is farthest NORTH in the Northern Hemisphere.

Question 4

Winter Solstice

Answer 4

The sun is farthest SOUTH in the Southern Hemisphere.

Question 5

Axis

Answer 5

An imaginary line that runs through the Earth’s center and the North and South Poles.

Question 6

Orbit

Answer 6

The path Earth follows as it revolves around the sun.

Question 7

Ellipse

Answer 7

An elongated circle.

The shape of the Earth’s orbit is an ellipse.

Question 8

Equinox

Answer 8

Halfway between solstices.
It means “Equal day and night”.
The AUTUMNAL Equinox is FALL.
The VERNAL Equinox is SPRING.

Question 9

AUTUMNAL Equinox

Answer 9

The season of FALL.

Halfway between Summer Solstice and Winter Solstice

Question 10

VERNAL Equinox

Answer 10

The season of SPRING.

Halfway between Winter Solstice and Summer Solstice

Question 11

Rotation

Answer 11

Spinning on its axis.

The Earth rotates (or spins) on its axis every 24 hours.

Question 12

Calendar

Answer 12

A system for organizing time.

Question 13

How many days is Earth’s revolution around the sun?

Answer 13

365 days

Question 14

Explain how Earth moves in space.

Answer 14

Earth ROTATES on its AXIS every 24 hours as it REVOLVES around the sun in an ELLIPTICAL ORBIT in 365 days

Question 15

What causes the cycle of seasons on Earth?

Answer 15

The tilt of Earth on its AXIS as it REVOLVES around the sun.

Question 16

How would the seasons be different is Earth were not tilted on its axis?

Answer 16

There would be no seasons. Each place on Earth would stay in one season depending on their location.

Question 17

Force

Answer 17

push or pull

Question 18

Gravity

Answer 18

The force that attracts objects to each other.

Question 19

Law of Universal Gravitation

Answer 19

Every object in the universe attracts every other object.

Question 20

Mass

Answer 20

Amount of matter in an object.

Question 21

Weight

Answer 21

The force of gravity on an object.

Question 22

Inertia

Answer 22

An object resists a change in motion.

Question 23

Newton’s First Law of Motion

Answer 23

An object at rest will stay at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion unless an unbalanced force acts on it.

Question 24

What is the LONGEST day of the year?

Answer 24

SUMMER Solstice

Question 25

What is the SHORTEST day of the year?

Answer 25

WINTER Solstice

Question 26

What determines the strength of the force of GRAVITY between two objects?

Answer 26

It depends on objects' MASSES and DISTANCE

Question 27

Phases

Answer 27

The different shapes of the moon.

Question 28

Waxing

Answer 28

growing

Question 29

Waning

Answer 29

Shrinking

Question 30

Eclipse

Answer 30

When an object blocks the sun from another object.

Question 31

Solar Eclipse

Answer 31

The moon blocks the sun from Earth.

Question 32

Umbra

Answer 32

The dark part of the shadow.

Question 33

Penumbra

Answer 33

The outer part of a shadow.

Question 34

Lunar Eclipse

Answer 34

Earth blocks the sun from the moon

Question 35

Tide

Answer 35

The rise and fall of ocean water every 12.5 hours caused by the moon's gravitational pull.

Question 36

Spring Tide

Answer 36

The sun, moon, and Earth are in a line during a new moon.

Question 37

Neap Tide

Answer 37

During the moon's 1st and 3rd quarters. | The Earth, moon, and sun are at a 90 degree angle.

Question 38

What causes the moon to shine?

Answer 38

1. The reflection of the sun; and | 2. the position of the Earth, moon, and sun

Question 39

How many days does it take the moon to ORBIT Earth?

Answer 39

29.5 days

Question 40

What causes PHASES of the moon?

Answer 40

The position of the Earth, moon, and sun.

Question 41

How are solar and lunar ECLIPSES similar and different?

Answer 41

Both are eclipses; when one object is blocking the sun's light from another object. During a SOLAR ECLIPSE the moon blocks the sun from Earth. During a LUNAR ECLIPSE the Earth blocks the sun's light from the moon.

Question 42

What is the 1st PHASE of the moon as it appears from Earth's surface?

Answer 42

New Moon

Question 43

What is the 2nd PHASE of the moon as it appears from Earth's surface?

Answer 43

WAXING Crescent

Question 44

What is the 3rd PHASE of the moon as it appears from Earth's surface?

Answer 44

First Quarter

Question 45

What is the 4th PHASE of the moon was it appears from Earth's surface?

Answer 45

WAXING Gibbous

Question 46

What is the 5th PHASE of the moon as it appears from Earth's surface?

Answer 46

Full Moon

Question 47

What is the 6th PHASE of the moon as it appears from Earth's surface?

Answer 47

WANING Gibbous

Question 48

What is the 7th PHASE of the moon as it appears from Earth's surface?

Answer 48

Third Quarter

Question 49

What is the 8th and final PHASE of the moon as it appears from Earth's surface?

Answer 49

WANING Crescent

Question 50

Draw a model of a SOLAR ECLIPSE

Answer 50

PENUMBRA SUN EARTH MOON UMBRA PENUMBRA

Question 51

Draw a model of a LUNAR ECLIPSE

Answer 51

PENUMBRA SUN EARTH MOON UMBRA PENUMBRA

Question 52

What causes the TIDES?

Answer 52

TIDES are caused by the moon's GRAVITATIONAL pull on different parts of Earth.

Question 53

Explain why we only see one side of the moon.

Answer 53

The moon ROTATES at the same rate that it REVOLVES around Earth.

Question 54

Telescope

Answer 54

A device used to make objects appear closer.

Question 55

Maria

Answer 55

Dark flat areas from lava flows.

Question 56

Craters

Answer 56

Large round pits caused by meteoroids.

Question 57

Highlands

Answer 57

Light colored features . . . mountains.

Question 58

Meteoroids

Answer 58

Chunks of rock or dust from space.

Question 59

How does the size and density of the moon compare to Earth?

Answer 59

The moon is 1/4 Earth's DIAMETER. | The moon is 1/80 Earth's MASS.

Question 60

What is the relationship between the moon's SURFACE GRAVITY, LACK OF AN ATMOSPHERE, and TEMPERATURE RANGE?

Answer 60

130 degrees Celsius to 180 degrees Celsius because no atmosphere and the GRAVITY is so WEAK that gases can escape into space

Question 61

Explain the COLLISION-RING Theory

Answer 61

A planet sized object collided with Earth ejecting rock into Earth's ORBIT that eventually came together as the moon.

Question 62

Astronomy

Answer 62

The study of space, moon, stars.