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APES Unit 1 > Chapter 1: Environmental Science: Studying the State of Our Earth > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Environmental Science: Studying the State of Our Earth Flashcards

1
Q

fossil fuel

A

A fuel derived from biological material that became fossilized millions of yrs ago

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2
Q

fracking

A

Hydraulic fracturing, a method of oil and gas extraction that uses high-pressure fluids to force open cracks in rocks deep underground

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3
Q

environment

A

The sum of all the conditions surrounding us that influence life

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4
Q

environmental science

A

The field of study that looks at interactions among human systems and those found in nature

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5
Q

ecosystem

A

A particular location on Earth with interacting biotic and abiotic components

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6
Q

biotic

A

living

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7
Q

abiotic

A

nonliving

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8
Q

environmentalism

A

A social movement that seeks to protect the environment through lobbying, activism, and education

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9
Q

environmental studies

A

The field of study that includes environmental science and additional subjects such as environmental policy, economics, literature, and ethics

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10
Q

ecosystem services

A

The processes by which life-supporting resources such as clean water, timber, fisheries, and agricultural crops are produced

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11
Q

environmental indicators

A

Describes the current state of an environmental system

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12
Q

biodiversity

A

The diversity of life forms in an environment

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12
Q

genetic diversity

A

A measure of the genetic variation among individuals in a population

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12
Q

species

A

A group of organisms that is distinct from other groups in its morphology (body form and structure), behavior, or biochemical properties

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12
Q

anthropogenic

A

Derived from human activities

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12
Q

species diversity

A

The number of species in a region or in a particular type of habitat

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12
Q

speciation

A

The evolution of new species – happens slowly

13
Q

background extinction rate

A

The average rate at which species become extinct over the long term

13
Q

per capita

A

Amount per each person in a country or unit of population

13
Q

greenhouse gases

A

Gases in Earth’s atmosphere that trap heat near the surface

14
Q

development

A

Improvement in human well-being through economic advancement

15
Q

sustainability

A

Living on Earth in a way that allows humans to use its resources without depriving future generations of those resources

16
Q

sustainable development

A

Development that balances current human well-being and economic advancement with resource management for the benefit of future generations

17
Q

biophilia

A

Love of life

18
Q

ecological footprint

A

A measure of how much an individual consumes, expressed in area of land

19
Q

scientific method

A

An objective method to explore the natural world, draw inferences from it, and predict the outcome of certain events, processes, or changes

20
Q

hypothesis

A

A testable conjecture about how something works

21
Q

variable

A

Any categories, conditions, factors, or traits that differ in the natural world or in experimental situations

22
Q

independent variable

A

A variable that is not dependent on other factors

23
Q

dependent variable

A

A variable that is dependent on other factors

24
Q

null hypothesis

A

A prediction that there is no difference between the groups or conditions that are being compared

25
Q

replication

A

The data collection procedure of taking repeated measurements

26
Q

sample size

A

The number of times a measurement is replicated in data collection

27
Q

accuracy

A

How close a measured value is to the actual or true value

28
Q

precision

A

How close the repeated measurements of a sample are to one another

29
Q

uncertainty

A

An estimate of how much a measured or calculated value differs from a true value

30
Q

theory

A

A hypothesis that has been repeatedly tested and confirmed by multiple groups of researchers and has reached wide acceptance

31
Q

control group

A

In a scientific investigation, a group that experiences exactly the same conditions as the experimental group, except for the single variable under study

32
Q

natural experiment

A

A natural event that acts as an experimental treatment in an ecosystem

33
Q

system

A

A network of relationships among parts, elements, or components that interact with and influence one another through the exchange of energy, matter, or information

APES Unit 1 (1 decks)

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