Chapter 1: Essential Concepts of Radiologic Science

Question 1

Is anything that occupies space and has mass

Answer 1

Matter

Question 2

It is the material substance having mass of which physical objects are composed

Answer 2

Matter

Question 3

The fundamental, complex building blocks of matter are

Answer 3

atoms and molecules

Question 4

The prefix kilo stand for?

Answer 4

1000

Question 5

A kg is equal to?

Answer 5

1000 grams (g)

Question 6

True or False:
Although mass, the quantity of matter, remains unchanged regardless of its state, it can be transformed from one size, shape, and form to another.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

In the International System (SI) energy is measured in what?

Answer 7

joules (J)

Question 8

In radiology, what unit of measurement is often used?

Answer 8

electron volt (eV)

Question 9

The ability to do work by virtue of position

Answer 9

Potential energy

Question 10

The ability to do work

Answer 10

Energy

Question 11

The energy of motion

Answer 11

Kinetic energy

Question 12

The energy released by a chemical reaction

Answer 12

Chemical energy

Question 13

Represents the work that can be done when an electron moves through an electric potential difference (voltage)

Answer 13

Electrical energy

Question 14

The energy of motion at the molecular level

Answer 14

Thermal energy (heat)

Question 15

The energy that is contained within the nucleus of an atom

Answer 15

Nuclear energy

Question 16

It is perhaps the least familiar form of energy

Answer 16

Electromagnetic energy

Question 17

It is the type of energy that is used in x-ray imaging

Answer 17

Electromagnetic energy

Question 18

True or False:
Energy can’t be transformed from one type to another.

Answer 18

False

Question 19

Energy emitted and transferred through space is called

Answer 19

radiation

Question 20

Matter that intercepts radiation and absorbs part or all of it is said to be what?

Answer 20

exposed or irradiated

Question 21

A type of radiation that causes sunburn

Answer 21

Ultraviolet light

Question 22

During a radiographic examination, the patient is exposed to x-rays, The patient is said to be what?

Answer 22

irradiated

Question 23

The transfer of energy

Answer 23

Radiation

Question 24

A special type of radiation that includes x-rays.

Answer 24

Ionizing radiation

Question 25

Is any type of radiation that is capable of removing an orbital electron from the atom with which it interacts

Answer 25

Ionizing radiation

Question 26

This type of interaction between radiation and matter is called

Answer 26

ionization

Question 27

The orbital electron and the atom from which it was separated are called

Answer 27

ion pair

Question 28

The removal of an electron from an atom

Answer 28

Ionization

Question 29

Any type of energy that is capable of ionizing matter is known as

Answer 29

ionizing radiation

Question 30

What are the only forms of electromagnetic radiation with sufficient energy to ionize?

Answer 30

X-rays, Gamma rays, Ultraviolet light

Question 31

Examples of particle-type ionizing radiation

Answer 31

alpha and beta particles

Question 32

TRUE OR FALSE: Ionizing radiation can injure humans

Answer 32

True

Question 33

Two main categories of the sources of radiation:

Answer 33

natural environmental radiation and man-made radiation

Question 34

The unit of effective dose

Answer 34

mSv

Question 35

It is used to express radiation exposure of populations and radiation risk in those populations

Answer 35

mSv

Question 36

Natural environmental radiation consists of four components:

Answer 36

cosmic rays, terrestrial radiation, internally deposited radionuclides, and radon

Question 37

Are particulate and electromagnetic radiation emitted by the sun and stars

Answer 37

Cosmic rays

Question 38

Results from deposits of uranium, thorium, and other radionuclides in the Earth

Answer 38

Terrestrial radiation

Question 39

Are natural metabolites

Answer 39

Internally deposited radionuclides

Question 40

The largest source of natural environmental radiation

Answer 40

radon

Question 41

It is a radioactive gas that is produced by the natural radioactive decay of uranium, which is present in trace quantities in the Earth

Answer 41

radon

Question 42

It emits alpha particles, which are not penetrating, and therefore contributes a radiation dose only to the lung

Answer 42

radon

Question 43

Constitute the largest man-made source of ionizing radiation

Answer 43

Diagnostic x-rays

Question 44

The three general types of x-ray examinations:

Answer 44

radiography, fluoroscopy, and computed tomography

Question 45

Uses film or a solid-state image receptor and usually an x-ray tube mounted from the ceiling on a track that allows the tube to be moved in any direction

Answer 45

Radiography

Question 46

It is usually conducted with an x-ray tube located under the examination table

Answer 46

fluoroscopy

Question 47

Uses a rotating x-ray source and detector array

Answer 47

computed tomography

Question 48

It restricts the useful x-ray beam to that part of the body to be imaged and thereby spares adjacent tissue from unnecessary radiation exposure

Answer 48

Collimation