Chapter 1 - Evolution Flashcards
(34 cards)
Evolution
The change in genetic composition of a population from generation to generation
Biology
The scientific study of life
Reductionism
Reduces complex systems into simpler components that are more manageable to study.
Archaea
One of two prokaryotic, domains the other being bacteria
Bioinformatics
The use of computers software and mathematical models to process and integrate biological information from large data sets
Bacteria
One of two prokaryotic domains, the other being Archaea
Consumers
An organism that feeds on producers other consumers or nonliving organic material
Controlled experiment
An experiment in which an experimental group is compared with a control group that varies only in the factor being tested
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
A nucleic acid molecule usually a double-stranded helix in which each poly nucleotide strand consist of nucleotide monomers with the deoxyribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine A, cytosine C, guanine G, and Thymine; capable of being replicated and determining the inherited structure of a cells proteins
Data
Recorded observations
Deductive reasoning
A type of logic and which specific results are predicted from my general premise
Emergent properties
New properties that arise with each step upward in the hierarchy of life owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases
Eukaryotic cell
A type of cell with a membrane enclosed nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles organisms with eukaryotic cells (protist, plants, fungi and animals)are called eukaryotes
Eukarya
The domain that includes all eukaryotic organisms
Experiment
The scientific test carried out under controlled conditions involving manipulation of one or more factors in a system in order to see the effects of those changes
Feedback regulations
The regulation of a process by its output or end product
Genes
A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of specific nucleotide sequence in DNA ( or RNA, in some viruses)
Gene expression
The process by which information encoded in DNA directs the synthesis of proteins or in some cases RNA that are not translated into proteins and instead function as RNAs
Genomes
The genetic material of an organism or virus the complete complement of an organisms or viruses genes along with its noncoding nucleic acid sequences
Genomics
The systematic study of whole sets of genes or other DNA and their interactions within a species as well as well as genome comparisons between species.
Hypothesis
A testable explanation for a set of observations based on the available data and guided by inductive reasoning. A hypothesis is narrower in scope then a theory
Inquiry
The search for information and explanation often focusing on specific questions
Inductive reasoning
A type of logic in which generalizations are based on a large number of specific observations
Independent variable
A variable whose value is manipulated or changed during an experiment or other test reveal possible effects on other variable (the dependent variable)
